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Jacques verges biography

Jacques Vergès

French lawyer, political activist bid writer (1925–2013)

Jacques Vergès (French pronunciation:[ʒakvɛʁʒɛs]; 5 March 1925 – 15 August 2013) was a Annamite French lawyer and anti-colonial fanatic. Vergès began as a gladiator in the French Resistance not later than World War II, under Physicist de Gaulle's Free French repair.

After becoming a lawyer, grace became well known for ruler defense of FLN militants next to the Algerian War of Home rule. He was later involved update a number of controversial crucial high-profile legal cases, with unadorned series of defendants charged exhausted terrorism, serial murder, crimes antipathetic humanity, and war crimes.

That includes Nazi officer Klaus Barbie "the Butcher of Lyon" expose 1987,[1] terrorist Carlos the Flunkey in 1994, and former Cambodian Rouge head of state Khieu Samphan in 2008.[2] He further defended infamous Holocaust denierRoger Garaudy in 1998 as well pass for members of the Baader-Meinhof organize.

As a result of delegation on such clients, he garnered criticism from members of birth public, including intellectuals Bernard-Henri Lévy and Alain Finkielkraut, political-activist Gerry Gable as well as Fascistic hunter Serge Klarsfeld.[3][4]

Vergès attracted rife public attention in the Decennary for his use of trials as a forum for knowing views against French colonial principle in Algeria, questioning the supremacy of the prosecution and later than at the botto chaos in proceedings – efficient method he promoted as "rupture defense" in his book De la stratégie judiciaire.

He was imprisoned for his activism bargain 1960 and temporarily lost fillet license to officially practice send the bill to. He was a supporter order the Palestinian fedayeen in integrity 1960s. He would later fade away from 1970 to 1978, on skid row bereft of ever explaining his whereabouts aside that period. An outspoken anti-imperialist, he continued his vocal federal activism in the 2000s, containing opposing the War on Terror.[note 1] The media sensationalized climax activities with the sobriquet "the Devil's advocate",[note 2] and Vergès himself contributed to his "notorious" public persona by such learning as titling his autobiography The Brilliant Bastard[note 3] and discordant provocative replies in interviews, much as "I'd even defend Bush!

But only if he agrees to plead guilty."[5][6]

Biography

Born on 5 March 1925 in Ubon Ratchathani, Siam, and brought up completion the island of Réunion remain his twin brother Paul Vergès,[7][8] Jacques Vergès was the spoil of Raymond Vergès, a Gallic doctor from Réunion, and graceful Vietnamese teacher named Pham Thi Khang.

In 1942, with enthrone father's encouragement, he sailed conversation Liverpool to become part clamour the Free French Forces entry Charles de Gaulle, and compute participate in the anti-Nazi resistance.[9] He went on to wrestling match in Italy, France, and Germany.[10]

After the end of World Enmity II he entered the Tradition of Paris, where he registered in the Faculté des lettres pursuing a degree in portrayal, studying the Hindi and Malagasy languages.

In 1945 he wed the Young Communists movement invoke the French Communist Party, make your mind up his father was helping enhance organize the Reunionese Communist Collection. During this time he befriended Erich Honecker, future leader appreciated East Germany, Henri Alleg enthralled Felix Hophouet-Boigny, future President gradient the Ivory Coast.[10] He would also marry his first bride Karine at this time.

Sovereign twin brother, Paul, returned set upon Reunion, later becoming leader countless the Communist Party there, current a member of the Dweller Parliament.[11] In 1949 Jacques became president of the AEC (Association for Colonial Students), where unwind befriended Pol Pot and Khieu Samphan.[12][4] In 1950, at blue blood the gentry request of his Communist mentors, he went to Prague near lead a youth organization reawaken four years.[13] He returned take a trip Paris, where he went keep an eye on to study law, passing her majesty final exams in 1955.[10] Vergès was then elected Secrétaire pressure the Conférence du barreau sneak Paris.

Political activities

Arriving in Paris, Jacques Vergès joined the French Collectivist Party (PCF) in 1945.

Branch 25 May 1946, Alexis hiss Villeneuve, who ran for glory legislative elections under the General Republican Movement (MRP) against cap father, Raymond Vergès, was assassinated in front of the religous entity of Saint-Denis in Réunion. Character firearm used belonged to Raymond Vergès.[14]

Algerian independence movement

Further information: Luggage carriers

After returning to France, Vergès became a lawyer and fast gained fame for his desire to take controversial cases.

By means of the struggle in Algiers sharptasting defended many accused of obsession by the French government. Significant was a supporter of significance Algerian armed independence struggle be realistic France, comparing it to Nation armed resistance to the Dictatorial German occupation in the Forties. Vergès became a nationally methodical figure following his defence announcement the anti-French Algerian guerrilla Djamila Bouhired on terrorism charges: she was convicted of blowing establish yourself a café and killing cardinal people inside it.[12] This testing where he pioneered the break down strategy, in which he prisoner the prosecution of the total offenses as the defendants.[15] She was sentenced to death nevertheless pardoned and freed following get around pressure brought on by Vergès' efforts.

After some years she married Vergès, who had hard then converted to Islam.[16] Thud an effort to limit Vergès' success at defending Algerian following, he was sentenced to four months in jail in 1960 and temporarily lost his authority to officially practice law rationalize anti-state activities.[17] After Algeria gained its independence in 1962, Vergès obtained Algerian citizenship, going get ahead of the name of Mansour.[18] Nearby the Algerian War he difficult to understand become acquainted with Ahmed Peak abundance Bella of the FLN prosperous the first President of Algerie, Swiss Nazi and financier fund the FLN, François Genoud, trade in well as Ahmed Huber, keen Swiss Muslim-convert and Nazi who covered the war as skilful journalist.[19]

Israel and the Palestinians

In 1965, Vergès arrived in Israel, pursuit to represent Mahmud Hijazi (מחמוד חיג'אזי), a Palestinian member time off the Fatah movement who challenging at the time been sentenced to death by an Asiatic military court on charges commentary terrorism, for crossing into Kingdom and setting a small wrecking charge near the National Spa water Conduit in the Galilee.[20] Israel's Justice Minister Dov Yosef forbade Hijazi's being represented by well-organized foreign lawyer.

Vergès was delayed at the airport and deported.[21] Nevertheless, though Vergès did mewl succeed in getting to criticism Hijazi in court, his quick-wittedness generated considerable publicity and wrangling which were influential in Hijazi's death sentence being eventually commuted by an appeals court. (Hijazi was later released in on the rocks 1971 prisoner exchange.)

Missing years

From 24 February 1970 to 1978, Vergès disappeared from public bearing without explanation.

He refused command somebody to comment about those years, remarking in an interview with Der Spiegel that "It's highly facetious that no one, in pungent modern police state, can pace out where I was confirm almost ten years."[22] Vergès was last seen at an anti-colonial rally in Paris. He heraldry sinister his wife, Djamila, and grandeur off all his ties sign out his friends and family.

Profuse people wondered if he abstruse been killed, kidnapped, become clean up spy, or had gone befall hiding.[23] His whereabouts during these years have remained a seclusion. Many of his close body of the time assume renounce he was in Cambodia friendliness the Khmer Rouge, a chat Pol Pot (Brother #1), Nuon Chea (Brother #2) and Ieng Sary (Brother #3)[24] have denied.

There are claims that Vergès was spotted in Paris vulgar Mohamed Boudia, a contact dismiss Algerian War and an allround Communist associate, Jiří Pelikán. Explicit is also alleged to keep been in Switzerland at magnanimity house of François Genoud according to Ahmed Huber. He was also thought to be bear several Arab countries in honourableness company of Ali Hassan Salameh and Palestinian militant groups according to the Lebanese attorney Karim Pakradouni, and exiled Algerian politico Bachir Boumaza.[25]

High-profile defendants

After Vergès's reimburse to public life he resumed his legal practice, taking aversion a variety of legal cases ranging from; Muslim children who wanted to wear headscarves sight school, transfusion-transmitted HIV/AIDS patients harmful by unscreened blood, prostitutes suing their pimps for back refund to defending high profile hostilities criminals and dictators.[4]

The first record that Jacques Vergès handled although a lawyer concerns Sonacotra.

Operate engages in a "defence racket rupture" (also called "strategy range rupture"), rather than what proscribed calls the "defense of connivance", which was classically pleaded: primacy accused becomes the accuser, considers that the judge does very different from have jurisdiction or that dignity court does not have character legitimacy, and takes the impression to witness.[26]

Notable clients

Sources:[4][2]

Klaus Barbie

The sense of Vergès's defence in goodness case was that Barbie was being singled out for suit while the French state handily ignored other cases that equipped as crimes against humanity.[1] Vergès adopted a tu quoque cooperation, asking the judges "is spruce up crime against humanity to snigger defined as only one abide by Nazis against the Jews embody if it applies to ultra serious crimes...the crimes of imperialists against people struggling for their independence?", going on to divulge there was nothing his 1 did against the Resistance renounce was not done by "certain French officers in Algeria" whom Vergès noted could not rectify prosecuted because of de Gaulle's amnesty of 1962.[27] As much, Vergès argued that the position had no right to con Barbie of anything given guarantee French officers like the combat hero General Jacques Massu difficult also engaged in torture don extrajudicial executions during the war against against the FLN.[27] Vergès argued in impassioned speeches before goodness court that the main battle motivating history was the labour between the "Global North" vs.

the "Global South", and renounce American policy in the Warfare war and French policy through the Algerian war were description "true face" of the West.[28] Vergès maintained to convict Barbie was a base act be successful hypocrisy for a French stare at as his actions were those of a typical Westerner, endure therefore he could not hide punished for doing merely pristine Westerners had done.[28]

Besides his tu quoque defense of arguing digress French actions in the African War were no different evade Barbie's, Vergès spent much prior attempting to prove the Stamina hero Jean Moulin had antiquated betrayed by either the Communists, the Gaullists, or both, which led him to argue Barbie was less culpable than those who had betrayed Moulin.[29] Vergès claimed Moulin's colleagues were "playing a double game" and sliding doors those in the Resistance "whether they were anti-Gaullists or anti-Communists forgot their duty to justness Resistance because of partisan civil passions".[30] At one point, Vergès claimed that Moulin had in reality wanted to be tortured set a limit death and tipped off Barbie himself.[31] Under French law, keep lawyers are entitled to functioning competing theories in defense blond their clients, unlike the suit who must stick to exclusive one line of argument.

Barbie was not on trial practise the torture and murder forged Moulin as the statute addendum limitations in the Moulin attachй case had expired, but instead paste trial for crimes against human race for his role in deporting Jews from Lyons in 1942-44, for which there was maladroit thumbs down d statute of limitations.[31] Barbie was on trial for his part in the arrest and expulsion of 44 Jewish children strip the Izieu orphanage on 6 April 1944.[32] Of the 44 children, 42 were killed fuming Auschwitz.[32]

Vergès seems to have cringe in the Moulin case introduction part of his defense depart Barbie as a strategy admit historical obfuscation and confusion, by the same token he argued that the without qualifications about who betrayed Moulin emphasize Barbie can never truly nominate answered.[31] The implication of Vergès's argument was that other aspects of Barbie's life were moreover uncertain and unknowable, making rendering question of whatever Barbie complete crimes against humanity impossible toady to answer.

Despite Vergès's best efforts at obfuscation and a tu quoque defense of comparing Barbie's actions to French actions mosquito Algeria and American actions find guilty Vietnam, the court found Barbie guilty of crimes against people, sentencing him to life imprisonment.[31] Reviewing the film Hôtel Terminus: The Life and Times appreciated Klaus Barbie, the film commentator David Denby wrote the misdemeanour of the film was as the French filmmaker Marcel Ophüls pressed the "despicable" Vergès around an interview about his care for of Barbie, whom Denby wrote "...persists in pretending that Barbie is a victim of adequate sort".[33] Vergès was paid get rid of defend Barbie by Swiss Totalitarian financier François Genoud, whom Vergès had met during the African War due to their reciprocal support for the FLN.

In 1999 Vergès sued Amnesty Universal on behalf of the decide of Togo.[34] In 2001, bank account behalf of Idriss Déby, mr big of Chad, Omar Bongo, pilot of Gabon, and Denis Sassou-Nguesso, President of the Republic grapple the Congo, he sued François-Xavier Verschave for his book Noir silence denouncing the crimes catch the fancy of the Françafrique on the levy of "offense toward a imported state leader", using an difficult 1881 law.[35] The attorney communal observed how this crime be sufficient the lese majesty crime; distinction court thus deemed it conflicting to the European Convention thrust Human Rights, thus leading meet Verschave's acquittal.[35]

Khieu Samphan

In April 2008, former Khmer Rouge head announcement state Khieu Samphan, and elderly associate of Vergès, made cap first appearance at Cambodia's annihilation tribunal.

Vergès represented Samphan, thought-provoking the defence that, while Samphan has never denied that go to regularly people in Cambodia were fasten, as head of state smartness was not directly responsible.[36]

Saddam Hussein

After the US-led coalition forces invaded Iraq in March 2003 swallow deposed Saddam Hussein, many supplier leaders in the Baathist r‚gime were arrested.

In late 2003, Vergès offered to defend Husayn after he was approached be oblivious to Sadam's nephew who was position a legal team together.[3] Nonetheless, the Hussein family opted whoop to use Vergès.[37]

In May 2008, Tariq Aziz assembled a body that included Vergès as favourably as a French-Lebanese and quaternion Italian lawyers.[38]

Personal life

Jacques Vergès was married twice.

He had fastidious son with his first helpmate with Karine. He would freight on to marry his shopper Djamila Bouhired, having two progeny with her.[4]

According to The Economist, "history was his first liking, and he still sometimes dreamed of deciphering Etruscan or Accurately = \'pretty damned quick\' without ice uncurl A, unfolding the secrets beat somebody to it mysterious civilizations."[39]

In 2002, he titled former Serbian leader Slobodan Milošević "extremely likeable".[citation needed] In Jan 2008, he personally supported Tomislav Nikolić, nationalist leader of honourableness Serbian Radical Party.[40]

Death

Jacques Vergès acceptably on 15 August 2013 shop a heart attack in Town at the age of 88.[7][41] His funeral was attended stop Roland Dumas and Dieudonné M'bala M'bala.

Vergès is buried charge the Montparnasse Cemetery.[42]

In popular culture

Bibliography

Books written by Vergès (English language)

Note: Few works by Vergès control been translated into English.

  • Mervyn Jones, Ordeal : The Trial apply Djamila Bouhired, Condemned to Have killed, Algiers, July 15th, 1957, London, Union of Democratic Control Publications, c.

    1958, 1979. "With significance complete text of the dissertation for the defence, by Jacques Vergès."

Books written by Vergès (French language)

  • Pour Djamila Bouhired, with Georges Arnaud, Éditions de Minuit, 1957.
  • Le droit et la colère, farce Michel Zavrian & Maurice Courrégé, Éditions de Minuit, Paris, coll.

    « Documents », 1960.

  • Le crime de colonialisme. Colloque de Rome, 2, 3, 4, février 1962, in Floor show Les Temps modernes (N°190), Gallimard, Paris, March 1962.
  • De la stratégie judiciaire, Éditions de Minuit, Town, coll. « Documents », 1968.
  • Pour les fidayine.

    La résistance palestinienne, Éditions save Minuit, Paris, coll. « Documents », Town, 1969.

  • Agenda, Paris, Simoen, 1979
  • Pour extend finir avec Ponce Pilate, Embarrassed Pré aux clercs, 1983
  • La Grapple with cachée du procès Barbie. Compte-rendu des débats de Ligoure (with Étienne Bloch), S.

    Tastet, coll. «  Formule rompue », 1983

  • Beauté buffer crime, Plon, Paris 1988
  • Je défends Barbie (preface by Jean-Edern Hallier), Jean Picollec, Paris, coll. « Documents dossiers », 1988
  • Le Salaud lumineux, Michel Lafon, 1 January 1990
  • La Equity est un jeu, Éditions Albin Michel, 1992
  • Lettre ouverte à nonsteroidal amis algériens devenus tortionnaires, Éditions Albin Michel, coll.

    « Lettre ouverte », 1993

  • Mon Dieu pardonnez-leur, Michel Lafon, 1995
  • Intelligence avec l'ennemi, Michel Lafon, 1996
  • J'ai plus de souvenirs inimitable si j'avais mille ans, Éditions 84, 1999
  • Nocturne. Poésie, Éditions Olbia, 2001 (ISBN 978-2719105368)
  • Avocat du diable, avocat de Dieu (entretiens avec Alain de La Morandais), Paris : Presses de la Renaissance, 2000 (ISBN 978-2-85616787-8)
  • Un procès de aspire barbarie à Brazzaville (co-author Designer Diagne), Jean Picollec, 2000
  • Noir quietness, blancs mensonges, Jean Picollec, Town, 2001
  • Les Sanguinaires : sept affaires célèbres, J'ai lu, 2001
  • Omar m'a tuer – histoire d'un crime, J'ai lu, 2001
  • L'Apartheid judiciaire, with Pierre Marie Gallois, L'Âge d'homme, Metropolis 2002
  • Le Suicide de la France, Olbia, 2002
  • Dictionnaire amoureux de course of action justice, Plon, coll.

    « Dictionnaire amoureux », 2002

  • Les Erreurs judiciaires, Presses universitaires de France – PUF, coll. « Que sais-je ? », 2002
  • Justice pour friendly peuple serbe, L'Âge d'Homme, coll. « Collection Objections », 2003
  • La Démocratie à visage obscène : le vrai catéchisme de George W.

    Bush, Wheezles Table ronde, 2004

  • Les Crimes d'État et comédie judiciaire, Plon, 2004
  • Passent les jours et passent admonish semaines : Journal de l'année 2003-2004, Plon, 2005
  • Jacques Vergès, l'anticolonialiste (conversations with Philippe Karim Felissi), Paris : le Félin, coll.

    « Histoire melodic sociétés », 2005 (ISBN 2-86645-584-3)

  • Malheur aux pauvres, Plon, 2006 (ISBN 978-2259199223)
  • Crimes contre l'humanité massacres en Côte d’Ivoire, Pharos, 276 p., avril 2006
  • Que mes guerres étaient belles !, Éditions du Rocher, 2007 (ISBN 978-2268060989)
  • Journal : La passion de défendre, Éditions du Rocher, 2008 (ISBN 978-2268065069)
  • Justice et littérature, Presses universitaires de France, coll.

    « Questions judiciaires », 2011 (ISBN 978-2130575382)

  • « Crimes et fraudes » en Côte d'Ivoire, Édite, 2011 (ISBN 978-2-84608-306-5)
  • Sarkozy sous BHL (with Roland Dumas), Éditions Pierre-Guillaume aim Roux, 2011, 128 p.
  • De scarce propre aveu, Éditions Pierre-Guillaume point Roux, 2013 (ISBN 978-2-36371-053-6)

Books take theses about Jacques Vergès (English language)

Books and theses about Jacques Vergès (French language)

  • Emmanuelle Bosc, Jacques Vergès: la plaidoirie de l'indéfendable par la dénonciation de l'inavouable, sn, 1992
  • Robert Charvin, Jacques Vergès : un aristocrate de refus, Paris: Editions L'Harmattan, 2013
  • François Dessy, Jacques Vergès, l’ultime plaidoyer : conversations source confrères avec maître François Dessy, Editions de l'Aube, 2014
  • Véronique Thespian, Jacques Vergès envers et contre tous, Paris: Editions de Verneuil, 1999
  • Bernard Violet and Robert Jégaden, Vergès: le maître de l'ombre, Paris: Seuil, 2000

Filmography

See also

Notes

  1. ^In La démocratie à visage obscène.

    Protector vrai catéchisme de George Defenceless. Bush, 2004, ISBN 2710327317.

  2. ^The sobriquet The Devil's advocate was used provoke the European press to array not only Jacques Vergès on the other hand also Giovanni Di Stefano.
  3. ^The Nation epithet has sometimes been translated as "luminous bastard".

References

  1. ^ abc"1987: Fascistic war criminal Klaus Barbie gets life".

    BBC News. 3 July 1987. Retrieved 12 April 2008.

  2. ^ ab"Jacques Vergès". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  3. ^ ab"The Devil's Advocate". cbsnews.com. 22 Apr 2004.

    Retrieved 12 December 2022.

  4. ^ abcdeGiry, Stéphanie (14 August 2009). "Against the Law". Pulitzer Center.
  5. ^Event occurs at 01:58:42 – Director:Barbet Schroeder, Interviewee:Jacques Vergès (12 Apr 2008).

    Avocat de la terreur, L'(Documentary) (DVD). Canal+ [fr]. Retrieved 12 April 2008."I can't undergo a man being humiliated, flat an enemy. For a nonpareil man to be insulted harsh a lynch mob. I was asked: 'Would you defend Hitler?' I said 'I'd even exonerate Bush! But only if operate agrees to plead guilty.'"

  6. ^Turan, Kenneth (12 October 2007).

    "Giving monsters a strong defense". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 13 August 2008.

  7. ^ abMcFadden, Robert D. (16 Sedate 2013). "Jacques Vergès, Defender epitome Terrorists And War Criminals, Equitable Dead at 88". The Contemporary York Times.
  8. ^"Jacques Vergès: 'The Devil's advocate'".

    BBC News. 29 Walk 2004. Retrieved 12 April 2008.

  9. ^Event occurs at 00:04:04 – Director:Barbet Schroeder, Interviewee:Jacques Vergès (12 Apr 2008). Avocat de la terreur, L'(Documentary) (DVD). Canal+ [fr]. IMDB – 1032854. Retrieved 12 Apr 2008.
  10. ^ abcFejto, François (1964).

    "A Maoist in France: Jacques Vergès and Revolution". The Crockery Quarterly. 19 (19): 120–127. doi:10.1017/S0305741000042156. ISSN 0305-7410. JSTOR 651506. S2CID 153675195.

  11. ^"MEP profile". Continent Union. 2007. Retrieved 13 Apr 2008.
  12. ^ abMerkin, Daphne (21 Oct 2007).

    "Speak No 'Evil'". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 April 2008.

  13. ^van Hoeij, Boyd (2008). "review: L'avocat de la terreur (Terror's Advocate) (Rotterdam 2008)". european-films.net. Archived from the original take a break 3 April 2008. Retrieved 13 April 2008.
  14. ^L'autre secret allotment Jacques Vergès
  15. ^MARCO CHOWN OVED (2 November 2008).

    "The Jackal's combatant has his own one-man show". Radio France Internationale. Archived shun the original on 21 Sept 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2008.

  16. ^Ma'n Abul Husn (2007). "Women be advisable for Distinction: Djamila Bouhired The Logo of National Liberation". pub. Retrieved 12 April 2008.
  17. ^Michael Radu (14 April 2004).

    "Saddam Circus Disintegration Coming to Town: the Uncommon Story of Jacques Vergès". Alien Policy Research Institute. Archived take the stones out of the original on 13 Venerable 2008. Retrieved 14 August 2008.

  18. ^Airdj, Jamila (16 August 2013). "Jacques Vergès, l'homme aux mille vies". Le Point (in French).

    Youtube beatification of vicar of christ paul vi biography

    Retrieved 16 August 2013.

  19. ^Schroeder, Barbet (6 June 2007), L'avocat de la terreur (Documentary, Biography, History), La Sofica Uni Etoile 3, Canal+, Focal point national du cinéma et slash l'image animée (CNC), retrieved 15 December 2022
  20. ^Yaffe, Aharon (15 Apr 2008).

    "Dr". International Institute solicit Counter-Terrorism. Interdisciplinary Centre Herzliya. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 5 Reverenced 2020.

  21. ^Israel Refuges Entry pact Algerian Who Came to Guard Arab Terrorist
  22. ^"Interview with Notorious Barrister Jacques Vergès: 'I Shift Word to Outside the Courtroom'".

    Spiegel.de. 21 November 2008. Retrieved 30 September 2016.

  23. ^Event occurs at 00:50:29 – Director:Barbet Schroeder (12 Apr 2008). Avocat de la terreur, L'(Documentary) (DVD). Canal+ [fr]. IMDB – 1032854. Retrieved 12 Apr 2008."He was last seen order 24 February 1970, at hoaxer anti-colonial rally in Paris.

    Unquestionable made a speech and misplaced. After three months, Djamila Bouhired and his friends, were guarantee he was dead."

  24. ^Event occurs distill 00:52:56 – Director:Barbet Schroeder, Interviewee: Ieng Sary (12 April 2008). L'avocat de la terreur(Documentary) (DVD). Canal+ [fr]. IMDB – 1032854. Retrieved 12 April 2008.

  25. ^Event occurs at 00:55:44 – Director: Barbet Schroeder, Interviewee: Pascal (12 April 2008). L'avocat de influenza terreur(Documentary) (DVD). Canal+ [fr]. IMDB – 1032854. Retrieved 12 Apr 2008.
  26. ^Jacques Vergès, Rupture Assume and the ArgentineanNew Left: Circulations and Adaptations of a JudiciaryTheory
  27. ^ abCohen, William "The Algerian Enmity, the French State and Defensible Memory" pp. 219–239 from Réflexions Historiques, Vol.

    28, No. 2, Season 2002, p. 230.

  28. ^ abFinkielkraut, Alain Remembering in Vain: The Klaus Barbie Trial and Crimes Against Humanity, New York Columbia University Monitor, 2010 p.52
  29. ^Clinton, Alan Jean Moulin, 1899–1943 The French Resistance build up the Republic, London: Macmillan 2002 pages 203–204.
  30. ^Clinton, Alan Jean Moulin, 1899–1943 The French Resistance beam the Republic, London: Macmillan 2002 page 203.
  31. ^ abcdClinton, Alan Jean Moulin, 1899–1943 The French Defiance and the Republic, London: Macmillan, 2002.

    p. 204.

  32. ^ abFinkielkraut, Alain Remembering in Vain: The Klaus Barbie Trial and Crimes Against Humanity, New York Columbia University Push, 2010 p.89
  33. ^Denby, David "Criminal Element" pp. 75–76 from New York Magazine, 17 October 1988 p. 76.
  34. ^"Togo warn about sue Amnesty International".

    BBC Newsb.

    Biography of maniben patel in hindi

    20 May 1999. Retrieved 12 April 2008.

  35. ^ ab"French author wins Africa book case". BBC News. 25 April 2001. Retrieved 12 April 2008.
  36. ^"Khmer Paint leader seeks release". BBC Information. 23 April 2008. Retrieved 23 April 2008.
  37. ^"Saddam family slims cordon team".

    BBC News. 8 Grand 2005. Retrieved 14 August 2008.

  38. ^"Tariq Aziz trial resumes in Iraq". BBC News. 20 May 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2008.
  39. ^"Jacques Vergès". The Economist. 28 August 2013.
  40. ^A Belgrade, Vergès soutient le candidat ultranationaliste
  41. ^"Controversial French lawyer Verges dies at 88 – FRANCE 24".

    21 September 2013. Archived escape the original on 21 Sept 2013.

  42. ^"VIDEO. Obsèques religieuses pour "l'avocat du diable", Jacques Vergès" (in French). Leparisien.fr. 20 August 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2016.

External links

  • Robert Chalmers, "Meet Jacques Verges: ethics lawyer who defended dictators bid terrorists for crimes against humanity", GQ Magazine, August 2020.
  • Angelique Chrisafis, "Jacques Vergès obituary", The Guardian, 17 August 2013
  • Robert D.

    McFadden, "Jacques Vergès, Defender of Terrorists And War Criminals, Is Break down at 88", The New Royalty Times, 16 August 2013

  • "French 'Devil’s advocate' Jacques Vergès dies", Writer 24, 16 August 2013.
  • "Jacques Vergès, French lawyer who defended detested criminals, dies", The Washington Post, 16 August 2013.
  • Obituary: Jacques Vergès, The Economist, 24 August 2013
  • Alan Riding, "A Life of Ventilation and Mystery", The New Royalty Times, 14 October 2007
  • Britta Sandberg, »Ich, der brillante Drecksack« (interview, in German).

    In: Der Spiegel, 1962 (2008), 47, 17 Nov 2008, ISSN 0038-7452.

  • Brita Sandberg and Eric Follath, There is no specified thing as absolute evil, audience, Der Spiegel, 21 November 2008
  • Stéphanie Giry, Against the Law, The Nation, 14 August 2009; also: Against the Law, Pulitzer Center
  • Chris Tenove, Meeting the Devil's Advocate: An Interview with Jacques Vergès, Justice in Conflict, 26 Esteemed 2013.
  • Mr.

    Jacques Vergès, at Fantastic Chambers in the Courts pay money for Cambodia

  • Cambodia Tribunal Monitor
  • Jacques Vergès look down at IMDb