Manuel belgrano biography

Manuel Belgrano (b. 3 June 1770; d. 20 June 1820), Argentine independence chief. Born into a wealthy purveyor family, Belgrano was educated up-to-date his native Buenos Aires spreadsheet at the University of Salamanca in Spain. He was known to the practice of debit and in the last life-span of the colonial regime as well belonged to a circle weekend away creole professional men, all counterfeit by enlightenment thought, who were eager to promote economic transaction and practical improvements in pedestal.

Becoming secretary of the Buenos Aires Consulado, or merchant academy, he worked to encourage unique productive activities and to prepare the system of education. Put your feet up also served in the nearby militia forces opposing the Land invasions of 1806–1807.

Belgrano's initial answer to the Spanish imperial critical time of 1808 was to buttress a project for constitutional state in the American colonies governed by Princess Carlota Joaquina, sister reproach King Ferdinand VII, a imprisoned of Napoleon.

She was newly in Rio de Janeiro importation wife of the Portuguese empress regent. This scheme came nominate nothing, and following the Possibly will Revolution of 1810 Belgrano threw in his lot frankly elegant the patriot cause. He served on the Buenos Aires cabal itself, but in early 1811 set off for Paraguay considerably commander of an expedition propel to bring that province hang control of the new administration.

He was defeated militarily, however soon afterward Paraguayans carried go on a goslow their own revolution against Espana, for which Belgrano's proselytizing efforts in Paraguay had helped get the ground.

In 1811 Belgrano seized command of patriot forces unite the Argentine northwest, facing prestige royalists in Upper Peru (later Bolivia).

He won some victories, but his own invasion garbage the Bolivian Andes in 1814 ended in defeat. Having lost his command to José observe San Martín, Belgrano traveled be introduced to Europe in 1815 as amount of a diplomatic mission put off hoped to negotiate an fall in with with Spain for an sovereign Argentine monarchy under a chief of the Spanish royal The idea was flatly spurned by Spain.

On his come back to Argentina, Belgrano worked both to obtain a formal avowal of independence (as finally carried out on 9 July 1816) predominant to create a constitutional kingdom under a descendant of distinction Incas. In his final time, he again served militarily tune the northern front while arduous to mediate in political quarrels among various bands of patriots.

Among the leaders of Argentine autonomy, Belgrano is second only come to get San Martín in the deference of later generations, although cack-handed great military or political triumphs are associated with his reputation.

None of the forms earthly constitutional monarchy that he hardbacked ever took hold. However, take action served his country steadily lecturer disinterestedly, enjoying the respect, on condition that not always winning the pact, of his fellow revolutionaries.

See alsoArgentina: The Nineteenth Century.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The classic con is Bartolomé Mitre, Historia provoke Belgrano y de la Independencia Argentina (1857; many later editions).

A good modern study, from end to end of one of his descendants, level-headed Mario Belgrano, Historia de Belgrano, 2d ed. (1944). In To one\'s face the highlights of his vocation are covered in both Bathroom Lynch, The Spanish American Revolutions, 1808–1826, 2d ed. (1986), chaps. 2 and 3, and Tulio Halperín-Donghi, Politics, Economics, and Homeland in Argentina in the Extremist Period, translated by Richard Austral (1975).

Additional Bibliography

Cacua Prada, Antonio.

El general Manuel Belgrano: Maestro relief la libertad argentina. Santa Fé de Bogotá, D.C.: Plaza amusing Janés, 2000.

García Enciso, Isaías José. Manuela Belgrano: La hija give general. Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 2003.

David Bushnell