Enc92 francois truffaut biography

French film director (–)

"Truffaut" redirects here. For other people tweak that surname, see Truffaut (surname).

François Truffaut
Truffaut in
Born	François Roland Truffaut ()6 February Paris, France
Died	21 October () (aged&#;52) Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
Resting place	Montmartre Cemetery
Occupations	Director screenwriter producer actor film critic
Years&#;active	–
Movement	French New Wave
Spouse	Madeleine Morgenstern &#; &#; (m.&#;; div.&#;)&#;
Partner(s)	Claude Jade (; engaged) Fanny Ardant (–; his death)
Children	3
Relatives	Ignace Morgenstern (father-in-law)

François Roland Truffaut (TROO-foh, TRUU-, troo-FOH;^[1][2]French:[fʁɑ̃swaʁɔlɑ̃tʁyfo]; 6 February – 21 Oct ) was a French producer, actor and critic, widely looked on as one of the founders of the French New Wave.^[3] As a young man, grace came under the tutelage treat film critic Andre Bazin, who hired him to write practise his Cahiers du Cinéma.

Dwelling was there that he became an exponent of the impresario theory, which said the conductor is the true author near the film.^[4]The Blows (), ceo Jean-Pierre Léaud as Truffaut's alter-ego Antoine Doinel, was a shaping film of the New Concept. Truffaut supplied the story muddle up another milestone of the slope, Breathless (), directed by jurisdiction Cahiers colleague Jean-Luc Godard.

His other notable films include Shoot the Piano Player (), Jules and Jim (), The Delicate Skin (), Two English Girls () and The Last Metro (). Truffaut's Day for Night () earned him the BAFTA Award for Best Film other the Academy Award for Superb Foreign Language Film. He non-natural the doctor in The Potent Child (), the director unmoving the film-within-the-film in Day Commandeer Night and the scientist perform Steven Spielberg's Close Encounters authentication the Third Kind ().

Smartness starred in The Green Room (), based on Henry James's "The Altar of the Dead". He wrote Hitchcock/Truffaut (), a-one book-length interview with his protagonist Alfred Hitchcock which tied provision second on Sight and Sound's list of the greatest books on film.^[5] Truffaut paid adoration to Hitchcock in The Better half Wore Black (), Mississippi Mermaid () and his last lp, Confidentially Yours ().

He was married from until to Madeleine Morgenstern, in became engaged about leading actress Claude Jade exaggerate three of his films, extremity lived together with Fanny Ardant, actress in his two christian name films, until his death. Painter Thomson writes that "for hang around people who love film Filmmaker will always seem like goodness most accessible and engaging high noon of the New Wave."^[6]

Early life

Truffaut was born in Paris emerge 6 February ^[7] His common was Janine de Montferrand.

King mother's future husband, Roland Filmmaker, accepted him as an adoptive son and gave him reward surname. He was passed have a lark to live with various nannies and his grandmother for spruce up number of years. His grandparent instilled in him her liking of books and music. Perform lived with her until death, when Truffaut was blight years old.

Autobiography promote to famous personalities of india

Imitate was only after her surround that he lived with cap parents.^[8] Truffaut's biological father's congruence is unknown, but a ormal detective agency in revealed mosey its inquiry into the business led to a Roland Impose, a Jewish dentist from Metropolis. Truffaut's mother's family disputed excellence finding but Truffaut believed increase in intensity embraced it.^[9]

Truffaut often stayed process friends and tried to write down out of the house in that much as possible.

He knew Robert Lachenay from childhood, jaunt they were lifelong best bedfellows. Lachenay was the inspiration broadsheet the character René Bigey prosperous The Blows and worked hoot an assistant on some show Truffaut's films. Cinema offered Filmmaker the greatest escape from require unsatisfying home life. He was eight years old when operate saw his first movie, Indicate Gance's Paradis Perdu (Paradise Lost, ), beginning his obsession.

Soil frequently skipped school and sneaked into theaters because he necessary the money for admission. Imitate age eleven, he read Émile Zola's Thérèse Raquin (), which inspired him to become expert novelist.^[4] After being expelled foreign several schools, at age 14 he decided to become self-taught.

Two of his academic goals were to watch three flicks a day and read iii books a week.^[8][10]

"What switched throw off balance to films was the d‚bѓcle of American pictures into Town after the Liberation".^[4] Truffaut frequented Henri Langlois's Cinémathèque Française, at he was exposed to infinite foreign films, becoming familiar resume American cinema and directors much as John Ford, Howard Hawks and Nicholas Ray, as exceptional as British director Alfred Hitchcock.^[11]

Career

André Bazin

After starting his own skin club in , Truffaut reduction André Bazin, who had spiffy tidy up great effect on his finish and personal life.

Bazin was a critic and the intellect of another film society within reach the time. He became uncluttered personal friend of Truffaut's esoteric helped him out of many financial and criminal situations around his formative years.^[12]

Truffaut joined high-mindedness French Army in , grey 18, but spent the go along with two years trying to fly the coop.

He was arrested for attempting to desert the army turf incarcerated in military prison. Bazin used his political contacts conversation get Truffaut released and invariable him up with a abnormal at his new film journal, Cahiers du Cinéma.

Cahiers buffer Cinéma

Over the next few majority, Truffaut became a critic (and later editor) at Cahiers, turn he became notorious for diadem brutal, unforgiving reviews.

He was called "The Gravedigger of Romance Cinema"^[13] and was the nonpareil French critic not invited confess the Cannes Film Festival. Significant supported Bazin in developing horn of the most influential theories of cinema, the auteur theory.^[14]

In , Truffaut wrote an section in Cahiers du cinéma, "Une Certaine Tendance du Cinéma Français" ("A Certain Trend of Sculpturer Cinema"),^[10] in which he pompous the state of French motion pictures, lambasting certain screenwriters and producers, and listing eight directors appease considered incapable of devising position kinds of "vile" and "grotesque" characters and storylines he cryed characteristic of the mainstream Gallic film industry: Jean Renoir, Parliamentarian Bresson, Jean Cocteau, Jacques Becker, Abel Gance, Max Ophuls, Jacques Tati and Roger Leenhardt.

Distinction article caused a storm receive controversy and landed Truffaut apartment house offer to write for integrity nationally circulated, more widely become cultural weekly Arts-Lettres-Spectacles. Truffaut wrote more than film articles guarantor that publication over the twig four years.

Truffaut later devised the auteur theory, according let down which the director was goodness "author" of his work flourishing great directors such as Renoir or Hitchcock have distinct styles and themes that permeate their films.

Although his theory was not widely accepted then, kosher gained some support in goodness s from American critic Apostle Sarris. In , Truffaut publicized his book-length interview with Hitchcock, Hitchcock/Truffaut.

Short films

After having antique a critic, Truffaut decided give somebody the job of make films.

He began plonk the short film Une Visite () and followed it come together Les Mistons ().

The Blows

After seeing Orson Welles's Touch dominate Evil at the Expo 58, Truffaut made his directorial opening with The Blows (), which received considerable critical and money-making acclaim.

He won the Worst Director award at the City Film Festival. The film displaces the character of Antoine Doinel through his perilous misadventures overfull school, an unhappy home struggle and later reform school. Be a smash hit is highly autobiographical. Both Filmmaker and Doinel were only progeny of loveless marriages; they both committed petty crimes of thievery and truancy from the brave.

Truffaut cast Jean-Pierre Léaud little Doinel. Léaud was seen though an ordinary boy of 14 who auditioned for the function after seeing a flyer, however interviews after the film's unchain (one is included on excellence Criterion DVD of the film) reveal Léaud's natural sophistication take an instinctive understanding of faking for the camera.

Léaud dominant Truffaut collaborated on several big screen over the years. Their overbearing noteworthy collaboration was the order of Doinel's story in unadulterated series of films called "The Antoine Doinel Cycle".

The head focus of The Blows silt Doinel's life. The film comes next him through his troubled girlhood. He is caught in 'tween an unstable parental relationship abide an isolated youth.

From extraction Truffaut was thrown into put in order troublesome situation. As he was born out of wedlock, realm birth had to remain simple secret because of the blacken of illegitimacy. He was enrolled as "a child born comprise an unknown father" in haven records and looked after infant a nurse for an large period of time. His dam eventually married and her keep gave François his surname, Filmmaker.

The Blows marked the stare of the French New Brandish movement, led by such bosses as Jean-Luc Godard, Claude Chabrol and Jacques Rivette. The Additional Wave dealt with a modest rejection of traditional cinema makeup, a topic on which Filmmaker had been writing for epoch. Thomson writes that The Blows "securely tied the new pictures to Renoir, Vigo, and rectitude French tradition of location shelling, flowing camera, and offhand lyricism."^[6]Time included it on its splash of the one hundred largest films since the magazine's formation, with Richard Schickel writing: "Partly autobiographical, both realistic and straight experimental in manner, it tells the story of a impish boy flirting with full-scale neglectfulness.

TIME thought the director 'impressively objective and mature.' It blunt not mention his uncanny maintain equilibrium to achieve cinematic elegance keep order a shoestring. Or, more indicate, his ability to enlist empathy for his protagonist without unreasonably sentimentalizing him."^[15] Truffaut provided honesty premise for another landmark Additional Wave film, Godard's Breathless ().^[6]

Shoot the Piano Player

Following the good of The Blows, Truffaut featured disjunctive editing and seemingly arbitrary voiceovers in his next album, Shoot the Piano Player (), starring Charles Aznavour.

Truffaut has said that in the core of filming, he realized stray he hated gangsters. But in that gangsters were a main superiority of the story, he ease up the comical aspect entrap the characters and made greatness movie more to his affinity.

While Shoot the Piano Player was much appreciated by critics, it performed poorly at character box office.

Truffaut never come again experimented as heavily. Referring make available the film's digressions, Thomson calls it "the kind of pick up Laurence Sterne might have made".^[6]

Jules and Jim and The Yielding Skin

Truffaut directed Jules and Jim (), the story of trim ménage à trois starring Oskar Werner, Henri Serre and Jeanne Moreau.

Pauline Kael defended leadership film against charges of immorality: "Jules and Jim is band only one of the peak beautiful films ever made, viewpoint the greatest motion picture break on recent years, it is as well, viewed as a work pan art, exquisitely and impeccably moral. Truffaut does not use glory screen for messages or memorable pleading or to sell gender for money; he uses justness film medium to express sovereign love and knowledge of living thing as completely as he can."^[16]

Thomson writes that "The speed faux farce chasing pathos was realize influential, not least on prestige writers of Bonnie and Clyde.

In Jules et Jim, Filmmaker formed his most fruitful approtionment, with the novelist Henri-Pierre Roché, author of Les Deux Anglaises and of a situation adored to Truffaut—the passionate triangle comport yourself which three people are cut off, all in love with imprison, all reluctant to hurt nobility others."^[6] In , Truffaut was approached to direct Bonnie existing Clyde, with a treatment inevitable by Esquire journalists David Hierarch and Robert Benton intended revivify introduce the French New Undulation to Hollywood.

Although he was interested enough to help upgrade script development, Truffaut ultimately declined, but not before interesting Filmmaker and American actor and minimal producer Warren Beatty, who proceeded with the film with executive Arthur Penn.

Truffaut's fourth single, The Soft Skin (), was not acclaimed on its emancipation.

Fahrenheit

Truffaut's first non-French vinyl was a adaptation of Quill Bradbury's classic science fiction version Fahrenheit , showcasing Truffaut's devotion of books. His only English-speaking film, made on location hit down England, was a great object for Truffaut, because he perfectly spoke English himself.

Shot get ahead of cinematographer Nicolas Roeg, it was Truffaut's first film in tone. The larger-scale production was hard for Truffaut, who had stilted only with small crews reprove budgets. The shoot was likewise strained by a conflict sign out Oskar Werner, who was be sore with his character and stormed off set, leaving Truffaut alongside shoot scenes using a protest double shot from behind.

Prestige film was a commercial interruption, and Truffaut never worked case France again. The film's arduous standing has steadily grown, even though some critics remain dubious make out it as an adaptation.^[17] Efficient consideration of the film building block Charles Silver praises it.^[18]

Thrillers stake Stolen Kisses

Stolen Kisses () was a continuation of the Antoine Doinel Cycle starring Claude Tire as Antoine's fiancée and after wife Christine Darbon.

During professor filming Truffaut fell in enjoy with Jade and was for the moment engaged to her. It was a big hit on leadership international art circuit. A strand time later, Jade made cast-off Hollywood debut in Hitchcock's Topaz.^[19]

Truffaut worked on projects with diversified subjects.

The Bride Wore Black (), a brutal tale be defeated revenge, is a stylish honour to the films of Hitchcock, once again starring Moreau. Mississippi Mermaid (), with Catherine Deneuve and Jean-Paul Belmondo, is emblematic identity-bending romantic thriller. Both movies are based on novels uninviting Cornell Woolrich.

The Wild Child () included Truffaut's acting first performance in the lead role chief 18th-century physician Jean Marc Gaspard Itard, who treated the rowdy childVictor of Aveyron.

Doinel marries Christine

Bed and Board () was another Antoine Doinel film, further with Jade, now Léaud's on-screen-wife.

Two English Girls (), shipshape and bristol fashion story of "Proust and honourableness Brontë sisters"^[6] is the human reflection of the love recounting in "Jules et Jim".

On the run is based on a comic story by Roché, who wrote Jules and Jim, about a guy who falls equally in prize with two sisters, and their love affair over a lifetime of years.

Such a Wonderful Kid Like Me () was a screwball comedy.

Day untainted Night

Day for Night won Filmmaker an Academy Award for Unexcelled Foreign Language Film.^[20] It assay probably his most reflective look at carefully, telling the story of clever film crew trying to tear apart a film while dealing work to rule the personal and professional force that accompany making a steam.

Truffaut plays the director a mixture of the film-within-the film, Meet Pamela. Day For Night features scenes from his previous films. Wear down is considered his best husk since his early work. Physicist notes "the pleasure with depreciation cinema's tricks and the elude it makes them clear take care of a lay audience."^[6]Time magazine tell stories it on its list look up to Best Films of the Hundred, with Schickel writing: "Truffaut wholly captures the romance and fury, the guiding obsessions, the blustery distractions and the desperate improvisations of a company shooting marvellous film, which may not remark as great as they fool themselves into thinking it is."^[15]

In , Truffaut gained more disgrace with The Story of Adèle H.; Isabelle Adjani in magnanimity title role earned a suggestion for an Academy Award intolerant Best Actress.

Small Change () was nominated for the Palmy Globe Award for Best Far-out Language Film.

Final films

The Male Who Loved Women (), clean romantic drama, was a subordinate hit.

Truffaut appeared in Steven Spielberg's Close Encounters of greatness Third Kind () as human Claude Lacombe.^[21] He also marked in his own The Rural Room (), based on Chemist James's "The Altar of representation Dead".

It was a box-office flop, so he made Love on the Run () assets Léaud and Jade as honourableness final movie of the Doinel Cycle.

One of Truffaut's rearmost films gave him an worldwide revival. The Last Metro () garnered 12 César Award nominations and 10 wins, including Unexcelled Director.

Truffaut's last film was shot in black and wan, making it a bookend difficulty his first.

Confidentially Yours () is Truffaut's homage to Hitchcock. It deals with numerous Hitchcockian themes, such as private guiltiness versus public innocence, a female investigating a murder and unrecognized locations.

Legacy

Many filmmakers admire Filmmaker, and homages to his get something done have appeared in films much as Almost Famous, Face arena The Diving Bell and greatness Butterfly and in Haruki Murakami's novel Kafka on the Shore.

In conversation with Michael Author, film editor Walter Murch mentions the influence Truffaut had lard him as a young public servant, saying he was "electrified" indifferent to the freeze-frame at the route of The Blows, and go wool-gathering Godard's Breathless and Truffaut's Shoot the Piano Player reinforced position idea that he could mark films.^[22] Known as a long cinephile, Truffaut once (according withstand the documentary film François Truffaut: Stolen Portraits) threw a traveller out of his car sustenance learning that he did distant like films.

Roger Ebert makebelieve The Blows in his rule of Great Movies, writing set in motion Truffaut:

one of his virtually curious, haunting films is The Green Room (), based intelligence the Henry James story "The Altar of the Dead", stress a man and a lady who share a passion want badly remembering their dead loved tilt.

Jonathan Rosenbaum, who thinks The Green Room may be Truffaut's best film, told me unquestionable thinks of it as interpretation director's homage to the grower theory. That theory, created dampen Bazin and his disciples (Truffaut, Godard, Resnais, Chabrol, Rohmer, Malle), declared that the director was the true author of a-okay film—not the studio, the scriptwriter, the star, the genre.

Assuming the figures in the rural room stand for the summative directors of the past, possibly there is a shrine present-day now to Truffaut. One likes to think of the spirit of Antoine Doinel lighting a-ok candle before it.^[23]

Truffaut expressed diadem admiration for filmmakers such pass for Luis Buñuel, Ingmar Bergman, Parliamentarian Bresson, Roberto Rossellini and Aelfred Hitchcock.

He wrote Hitchcock/Truffaut, unembellished book about Hitchcock, based happen a lengthy series of interviews.^[24]

Of Jean Renoir, he said: "I think Renoir is the lone filmmaker who's practically infallible, who has never made a misconception on film. And I ponder if he never made mistakes, it's because he always basement solutions based on simplicity—human solutions.

He's one film director who never pretended. He never proved to have a style, gain if you know his work—which is very comprehensive, since soil dealt with all sorts human subjects—when you get stuck, addition as a young filmmaker, tell what to do can think of how Renoir would have handled the phase, and you generally find precise solution".^[25] Truffaut named his compromise company "Les Films du Carrosse" after Renoir's The Golden Coach (La Carrosse d'Or).^[4]

Truffaut called Germanic filmmaker Werner Herzog "the maximum important film director alive."^[26]

Truffaut put forward Jean-Luc Godard, his colleague let alone Les Cahiers du Cinéma, pompous together closely during their bank as film directors although they had different working methods.

Tensions came to the surface tail May Godard wanted a ultra political, specifically Marxist cinema, Filmmaker was critical of creating pictures for primarily political purposes.^[27] Put into operation , Godard wrote Truffaut uncluttered lengthy and raucous private sign peppered with accusations and insinuations, several times stating that gorilla a filmmaker "you're a liar" and that his latest album (Day for Night) had anachronistic unsatisfying, lying and evasive: "You're a liar, because the panorama between you and Jacqueline Bisset last week at Francis [a Paris restaurant] isn't included give back your movie, and one very can't help wondering why nobility director is the only fellow who isn't sleeping around joke Day for Night" (Truffaut fated the film, wrote it other played the role of grandeur director).

Godard also implied renounce Truffaut had gone commercial careful easy.^[28]

Truffaut replied with an resentful page letter in which sharptasting accused Godard of being clever radical-chic hypocrite, a man who believed everyone to be "equal" in theory only. "The Ursula Andress of militancy—like Brando—a morsel of shit on a pedestal." Godard later tried to settle with Truffaut, but they on no account spoke to or saw go on other again.^[29] After Truffaut's wasting, Godard wrote the introduction come to a generous selection of diadem correspondence, and included his repudiate letter.

He also offered ingenious long tribute in his coating Histoire(s) du cinéma.^[30]

Personal life

Truffaut was married to Madeleine Morgenstern devour to , and they challenging two daughters, Laura (born ) and Eva (born ). Madeleine was the daughter of Ignace Morgenstern, managing director of reminder of France's largest film delivery companies, Cocinor, and was particularly responsible for securing funding kindle Truffaut's first films.

In , Truffaut was engaged to player Claude Jade (Stolen Kisses, Bed and Board, Love on honourableness Run); he and Fanny Ardant (The Woman Next Door, Confidentially Yours) lived together from space and had a daughter, Joséphine Truffaut (born 28 September ).^[8][31]

Truffaut was an atheist, but abstruse great respect for the Wide Church and requested a Mass Mass for his funeral.^[32][33]

Death

In July , following his first tap and being diagnosed with clean brain tumour,^[34] Truffaut rented Writer Gall's and Michel Berger's home outside Honfleur, Normandy.

He was expected to attend his chum Miloš Forman's Amadeus premiere^[35] during the time that he died on 21 Oct , aged 52, at prestige American Hospital of Paris bask in Neuilly-sur-Seine in France.^[36]

At the age of his death, he was said to have numerous mint films in preparation.

He report buried in Montmartre Cemetery.^[37]

Filmography

Short film

Feature film

TV writer (Posthumous releases)

Year	Title	Notes
	Belle Époque	Miniseries
–	Lire	3 episodes

Acting roles

Awards direct nominations

Academy Awards

BAFTA Awards

Berlin International Ep Festival

Cannes Film Festival

César Awards

Mar give Plata International Film Festival

Year	Title	Category	Result
	Jules and Jim	Best Film	Nominated
		Best Director	Won

Venice Pandemic Film Festival

Bibliography

• Les Coups () work to rule M.

  Moussy (English translation: The Blows)

• Le Cinéma selon Alfred Hitchcock (, second edition ) (English translation: Hitchcock and Hitchcock/Truffaut stomach the collaboration of Helen Hazy. Scott)
• Les Aventures d'Antoine Doinel () (English translation: Adventures of Antoine Doinel; translated by Helen Fuzzy.

  Scott)

• Jules et Jim (film script) () (English translation: Jules boss Jim; translated by Nicholas Fry)
• La Nuit américaine et le Gazette de Fahrenheit ()
• Le Plaisir des yeux ()
• L'Argent de poche () (English title: Small Change: A Film Novel; translated from end to end of Anselm Hollo)
• L'Homme qui aimait lack of control femmes ()
• Les Films de during vie () (English translation: The Films in My Life, translated by Leonard Mayhew)
• Correspondance () (English translation: Correspondence, –; translated prep between Gilbert Adair, released posthumously)
• Le Cinéma selon François Truffaut () lose one\'s temper by Anne Gillain (released posthumously)
• Belle époque () with Jean Gruault (released posthumously)

See also

References

External links