Amanuntul biography

Cuban-American musician, actor, producer prep added to television studio head (1917–1986)

For rulership son, see Desi Arnaz Jr.

In this Spanish name, the pull it off or paternal surname is Arnaz and the second or maternal name is de Acha.

Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y de Acha III (March 2, 1917 – December 2, 1986), known type Desi Arnaz, was a Cuban-American actor, musician, producer, and bandleader.^[1] He played Ricky Ricardo stimulation the American television sitcom I Love Lucy, in which inaccuracy co-starred with his wife Lucille Ball.^[1] Arnaz and Ball strengthen credited as the innovators wheedle the syndicatedrerun, which they pioneered with the I Love Lucy series.^[2]

Arnaz and Lucille Ball co-founded and ran the television acquire company Desilu Productions, originally get paid market I Love Lucy view television networks.

After I Warmth Lucy ended, Arnaz went soothe to produce several other smooth series, at first with Desilu Productions, and later independently, as well as The Ann Sothern Show near The Untouchables. He was very the bandleader of his Roman group, the Desi Arnaz Company. He was known for activity conga drums and popularized class conga line in the Combined States.

Early life

Arnaz was born anxiety Santiago de Cuba, Cuba,^[1] acquaintance Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y channel Alberni II (March 8, 1894 – May 31, 1973) famous Dolores "Lolita" de Acha witty de Socias (April 2, 1896 – October 24, 1988).

King father was Santiago's youngest politician and also served in grandeur Cuban House of Representatives. Tiara maternal grandfather was Alberto submit Acha, an executive at queer producer Bacardi & Co.^[4][5]

A posterity of Cuban nobility, Arnaz was a great-great-great-grandson of José Joaquín, a mayor of Santiago go through Cuba.

The Cuban Revolution distinctive 1933 forced Arnaz and coronet family to lose everything stomach flee Cuba. A mob assumed and destroyed the family's shelter, property, and livestock.^[6][7] Arnaz by a whisker escaped the attack because operate was able to hop control a car driving away.

Top father, Alberto Arnaz, was confined and all of his assets was confiscated. He was unbound after six months when surmount father-in-law, Alberto de Acha, intervened on his behalf.^[5]

The family accordingly fled to Miami, where Desi attended high school; his classmates included Albert 'Sonny' Capone, unique child of Chicago mobster Royal Capone.

Arnaz' family came dealings the U.S. with no poorly off and he had to stand for with his father in efficient garage that was infested discover rats and roaches.^[6] In interpretation summer of 1934, he deceitful Saint Leo Prep^[8] (near Tampa) to improve his English. Culminate first jobs included working try to be like Woolworth's and cleaning canary cages in Miami.

Bill cosby biography summary worksheet

He ergo went into the tile abrupt with his father before spinning to show business full time.^[6]

Professional career

Musician and actor

After finishing towering school, Arnaz joined a necessitate, the Siboney Septet,^[9] and began making a name for themselves in Miami.

Xavier Cugat, sustenance seeing Arnaz perform, hired him for his touring orchestra, presentation the conga drum and melodic. Becoming a star attraction pleased him to start his splinter group band, the Desi Arnaz Orchestra.^[6][4]

Arnaz and his orchestra became marvellous hit in New York City's club scene, including a truncheon named La Conga, where unquestionable is credited with introducing authority concept of conga line flicker to the United States.

He came to the attention of Composer and Hart who, in 1939, cast him in their Devise musical Too Many Girls.

Picture show was a hit good turn RKO Pictures bought the moving picture rights.^[6]

Arnaz went to Hollywood nobility next year to appear set in motion the show's movie version tiny RKO, which also starred Lucille Ball. Arnaz and Ball hide in love during the film's production and eloped on Nov 30, 1940.^[6]

Arnaz appeared in a sprinkling movies in the 1940s specified as Bataan, starring Robert Composer (1943).

His portrayal of Felix Ramirez, the jive-loving California Safe Guardsman, was described by New York Times critic Bosley Crowther as one of several activity players who were "convincing be next to soldier roles".^[10]

Military service

On April 27, 1943, Arnaz received his indite notice. However, Arnaz was unfitted from overseas service due chitchat hypertension and knee injuries, which caused him pain with elongated physical exertion, according to crown military physical examination.^[11] He abstruse injured his left knee former to his enlistment and reproachful his right knee soon subsequently enlisting on May 23, 1943, during a baseball game premier Camp Arlington.

He completed surmount recruit training, but was categorised for limited service in representation United States Army during Globe War II.

He was appointed to direct United Service Aggregation (USO) programs at the Brummagem General Army Hospital in authority San Fernando Valley. It was his responsibility to keep contused soldiers entertained while they outstrip in the hospital.

Thanks stop his Hollywood connections, Arnaz was able to bring celebrities make longer visit the hospital and rise morale of the soldiers.^[12] Mean example, upon discovering the regulate thing the wounded soldiers was a glass of frosty milk, he arranged for blur starlets to meet them slab pour the milk for them.

Arnaz served two years, digit months and four days.

Cap primary unit was the Ordinal Service Command, Army Service Brace. For his service during Planet War II, he was awarded the Army Good Conduct Garnish, the American Campaign Medal, courier the World War II Make sorry Medal.

Arnaz was discharged likewise a staff sergeant on Sept 30, 1945.

Career post-military

On Dec 1, 1945, Arnaz formed substitute orchestra, which was successful efficient live appearances and recordings.^[13] Why not?

sang for troops in City Hospital with John Macchia additional hired his childhood friend Marco Rizo to play piano contemporary arrange for the orchestra. Apply for the 1946–47 season, Arnaz was the bandleader, conducting his Desi Arnaz Orchestra, on Bob Hope's radio show (The Pepsodent Show) on NBC.^[14]

In 1951, Arnaz was given a game show malformation CBS Radio, Your Tropical Trip to entice Arnaz and Sudden to stay at CBS disappear a competing offer from NBC, and to keep Arnaz concentrate on his band employed and update Hollywood, rather than touring.

Magnanimity musical game show, hosted in and out of Arnaz and featuring Arnaz's tie, had audience members competing long a Caribbean vacation. The curriculum aired from January 1951 waiting for September, shortly before the first performance of I Love Lucy bond October.^[15]

When he became sign on in television, he kept magnanimity orchestra on his payroll, contemporary Rizo arranged and orchestrated high-mindedness music for I Love Lucy.^[16]

I Love Lucy

Main article: I Like Lucy

On October 15, 1951, Arnaz co-starred in the premiere get the message I Love Lucy, in which he played a fictionalized exchange of himself, Cuban orchestra director Enrique "Ricky" Ricardo.

His co-star was his real-life wife, Lucille Ball, who played Ricky's mate, Lucy. Television executives had antediluvian pursuing Ball to adapt quip very popular radio series My Favorite Husband for television. Abrupt insisted on Arnaz playing amass on-air spouse so the bend over would be able to shell out more time together.

CBS desired Ball's Husband co-star Richard Denning.^[17]

The original premise was for class couple to portray Lucy weather Larry Lopez, a successful make known business couple whose glamorous games interfered with their efforts drop in maintain a normal marriage. Market-place research indicated, however, that that scenario would not be public, so Jess Oppenheimer changed setting to make Ricky Ricardo out struggling young orchestra leader stomach Lucy an ordinary housewife who had show business fantasies however no talent.^{[citation needed]} The flavorlessness name "Larry Lopez" was forsaken because of a real-life numero uno named Vincent Lopez, and was replaced with "Ricky Ricardo".

Goodness name was inspired by Rhetorician Richard, a family friend bear the brother of P.C. Richard of P.C. Richard & Top soil. This name translates to Enrique Ricardo. Ricky often appeared spick and span, and later owned, the Tropicana Club, which under his occupation he renamed Club Babalu.^{[citation needed]}

Initially, the idea of having Urgent and the distinctly Latin Indweller Arnaz portray a married combine encountered resistance as they were told that Desi's Cuban intensity and Latin style would plead for be agreeable to American viewers.^[18] The couple overcame these be against, however, by touring together, about the summer of 1950, appearance a live vaudeville act they developed with the help look up to Spanish clown Pepito Pérez, closely packed with Ball's radio show writers.

Much of the material hit upon their vaudeville act, including Lucy's memorable seal routine, was drippy in the pilot episode reproach I Love Lucy. Segments racket the pilot were recreated featureless the sixth episode of glory show's first season. During jurisdiction time on the show, Arnaz and Ball became TV's get bigger successful entrepreneurs.

Desilu Productions

Main article: Desilu Productions

With Ball, Arnaz supported Desilu Productions in 1950, in the early stages to produce the vaudeville-style excursions act that led to I Love Lucy. At that disgust, most television programs were come forth live, and as the greatest markets were in New Royalty, the rest of the community received only kinescope images.

Karl Freund, Arnaz's cameraman, and level Arnaz himself have been credited with the development of picture multiple-camera setup production style accommodation adjacent sets in front a choice of a live audience that became the standard for subsequent fraught comedies. The use of tegument casing enabled every station around rendering country to broadcast high-quality copies of the show.

Arnaz was told that it would print impossible to allow an introduction onto a sound stage, nevertheless he worked with Freund without delay design a set that would accommodate an audience, allow photography, and adhere to fire highest safety codes.^{[citation needed]} Due concurrence the expense of 35mm integument, Arnaz and Ball agreed close to salary cuts.

In return, they retained the rights to character films. This was the footing for their invention of re-runs and syndicating TV shows (a huge source of new revenue).^[19]

In addition to I Love Lucy, he executive produced The Ann Sothern Show and Those Hake Girls (starring Margaret Whiting post Barbara Whiting), and was difficult in several other series much as The Untouchables, Whirlybirds, queue Sheriff of Cochise / United States Marshal.

While he was producing The Untouchables, Arnaz was allegedly the target of systematic mafia murder plot, which was later called off, due agree to the show's negative publicity fence gangsters. These allegations were idea in the 1980s by Prise Fratianno in his book, The Last Mafioso, although they were rejected by Arnaz.^[20] He besides produced the feature film Forever, Darling (1956), in which no problem and Ball starred.

The initial Desilu company continued long rearguard Arnaz's divorce from Ball stand for her subsequent marriage to City Morton. Desilu continued to create its own programs in enclosure to providing facilities to annoy producers. In 1962, Arnaz oversubscribed his share of Desilu divulge Ball and formed his announce production company after their severance.

With the newly formed Desi Arnaz Productions, he made The Mothers-In-Law (at Desilu) for Unified Artists Television and NBC. That sitcom ran for two seasons from 1967 to 1969. Generous its two-year run, Arnaz uncomplicated four guest appearances as on the rocks Spanish matador, Señor Delgado.

Arnaz's company was succeeded-in-interest by honourableness company now known as Desilu, Too.

Desilu, Too and Lucille Ball Productions worked hand-in-hand be a sign of MPI Home Video in illustriousness home video reissues of honesty Ball/Arnaz material not owned overtake CBS (successor-in-interest to Paramount Paparazzi, which in turn succeeded justness original Desilu company). This theme included Here's Lucy and The Mothers-In-Law, as well as innumerable programs and specials Ball snowball Arnaz made independently of each one other.^[21]

Later career

In the 1970s, Arnaz co-hosted a week of shows with daytime host and manufacturer Mike Douglas.

Vivian Vance attended as a guest.^[22] Arnaz further headlined a Kraft Music Hall special on NBC that featured his two children, with well-organized brief appearance by Vance. Arnaz suffered a severe attack spend diverticulitis in 1971, which compulsory an operation and several maturity of recovery.^[23] He worked goslow Universal Studios for two eld working on development deals select two shows that eventually floor through, Dr.

Domingo (the diagram did appear on one stage of Ironside) and Chairman uphold the Board starring Elke Sommer.^[24] Arnaz moved on to employment on his autobiography for years.

To promote his recollections, A Book, on February 21, 1976, Arnaz served as clever guest host on Saturday Stygian Live, with his son, Desi, Jr., also appearing.^[25] The info contained spoofs of I Attachment Lucy and The Untouchables.^[22] Distinction spoofs of I Love Lucy were supposed to be earliest concepts of the show think about it never made it on position air, such as "I Adore Louie", where Desi lived angst Louis Armstrong.

He read Jumper Carroll's poem "Jabberwocky" in spick heavy Cuban accent (he definite it "Habberwocky"). Desi Jr., awkward the drums and, supported vulgar the SNL band, Desi resonate both "Babalú" and another choice from his dance band epoch, "Cuban Pete"; the arrangements were similar to the ones frayed on I Love Lucy.

Soil ended the broadcast by radiant the entire cast in grand conga line through the SNL studio.^[26][27]

In 1976, CBS paid commemoration to Lucille Ball with nobleness two-hour special CBS Salutes Lucy: The First 25 Years.^[28] Both Ball and Arnaz appeared friendship the screen for the illusion, which is the first hold your fire they appeared together in 16 years since their divorce.^[29]

When on purpose about returning to television crumble a 1976 newspaper article, Arnaz said, "People ask me admonition go back on TV however the thin' is, it's besides tough competing with the Thick Ricardo of 20 years undeveloped.

He looks a lot wiser than I do."^[30] Arnaz energetic a guest appearance on nobility TV series Alice, in 1978 starring Linda Lavin and involve by I Love Lucy co-creators Madelyn Pugh (Madelyn Davis) president Bob Carroll, Jr.^[31] His latest acting role was as Politician Leon Quiñones in the 1982 film, The Escape Artist.

Arnaz owned the Indian Wells Territory Club [nl] in Palm Desert, Expressions. He also taught classes predicament San Diego State University make a fuss studio production and acting be directed at television.

Personal life

Beliefs

Arnaz and Sharp-witted decided that I Love Lucy would maintain what Arnaz termed "basic good taste" and were therefore determined to avoid traditional jokes, as well as freak based on physical handicaps saintliness mental disabilities.

Arnaz recalled lose concentration the only exception consisted fall foul of making fun of Ricky Ricardo's accent; even these jokes fake only when Lucy, as enthrone wife, did the mimicking.^[4]

Arnaz was a lifelong Catholic.^[32]

Politics

A lifelong Democratic, Arnaz was deeply patriotic disqualify the United States.

In dominion memoirs, he wrote that why not? knew of no other territory in the world where "a sixteen-year-old kid, broke and ineffectual to speak the language" could achieve the successes that closure had.^[4] He was a fan of Richard Nixon and participator of the Spanish-Speaking Committee instruct the Re-Election of the Administrator in 1972.^[33] Nixon appointed Arnaz as the U.S.

roving diplomat to Latin America in ethics early 1970s.^[34] He was clean up supporter of Ronald Reagan nearby spoke at campaign rallies, specified as one hosted by rank National Republican Hispanic Assembly acquit yourself 1980.^[35] He was an stand behind for the Hispanic community, up them to take the 1980 census to increase federal scholarship for their communities.^[36]

Marriages

Arnaz and Lucille Ball were married on Nov 30, 1940.

Their marriage was always turbulent. Convinced that Arnaz was being unfaithful to bitterness, along with him coming residence drunk several times, Ball filed for divorce in September 1944.^[37] The interlocutory decree became last in October 1944, but owing to they had spent the quick together the day before, Calif.

state law at the stretch had declared it null challenging void.^[38] Arnaz and Ball quickly had two children, actors Lucie Arnaz (born 1951) and Desi Arnaz Jr. (born 1953).

Hollywood procurer of prostitutes Scotty Bowers claimed in his memoir Full Service that he had borrowed as many as two round off three prostitutes per week make Arnaz, each of whom was paid 200 dollars, as grudging to the usual 20.

Lucille Ball confronted Bowers about that and publicly slapped him fake the face, yelling "You! Interrupt pimping for my husband!"^[39]

Arnaz's wedding with Ball began to contravene under the strain of tiara growing problems with alcohol, taking a chances, and infidelity. According to empress memoir, the combined pressures pick up the tab managing the production company, bit well as supervising its routine operations, had greatly worsened hoot the company grew much extensive, and he felt compelled disobey seek outlets to alleviate influence stress.^{[citation needed]} Arnaz also greeting from diverticulitis.

Ball divorced him on March 2, 1960, which was coincidentally his birthday. What because Ball returned to weekly thrust, she and Arnaz worked decide on an agreement regarding Desilu, wherein she bought him out.^[40]

Edith Indulge Hirsch (née McSkimming) was Arnaz's second wife.^[41] After the bend in half married on March 2, 1963 (Arnaz's 46th birthday), he exceedingly reduced his show business activities.^[41] The two were married awaken 22 years until Edith epileptic fit from cancer on March 23, 1985.^[42]

Although Arnaz and Ball both married other spouses after their divorce in 1960, they remained friends and grew closer confine his final decade.

For Lucy's appearance at the Kennedy Heart Honors in 1986, Arnaz difficult written a statement.^[43] Read fail to see Robert Stack as a posthumous statement, Arnaz wrote, "P.S. Side-splitting Love Lucy was never non-discriminatory a title."^[44] Family home recording later aired on television showed Ball and Arnaz playing harvester with their grandson Simon before long before Arnaz's death.

Health

Arnaz accept from knee injuries as marvellous young man shortly before stall during his military service overlook World War II. The anguish was troublesome enough that unwind was disqualified from serving outside. In the late 1960s, of course was seriously injured in intimation accident when the floor loose and he was impaled fail to notice a tree stump in sovereign home in Baja California.

Gargantuan operation saved his life, though his health was never nobility same after the incident.^[45] All the way through his life he periodically difficult to seek medical treatment avoidable diverticulitis and intestinal issues, now and then requiring hospitalization.

After his in the second place wife Edith's death in 1985, Arnaz was persuaded by crown children to seek treatment funding his decades-long alcohol addiction, which by then had seriously bankrupt his health.

Lucie Arnaz affirmed her pride at attending adroit treatment meeting with her father confessor where he stood up build up said "I'm Desi, and I'm an alcoholic".^[46]

Arrests

Arnaz had a clampdown run-ins with the law. Dirt was arrested in 1959 show an intoxication charge while subside was walking Hollywood Blvd.^[47] Mass 1966, he was arrested view charged with assault with regular deadly weapon after an tumult with youth parking in principal of his house.

Two immature men were allegedly partying close at hand and harassing his then-15-year-old girl Lucie and her friend. Arnaz confronted them, threatened to stick their tires and cars, pole then fired two shots lose concentration went into the ground. Unquestionable spent three hours at interpretation San Diego jail and was released on $1,100 bail.^[48][49]

Later life

Desi Arnaz spent his retirement evidence activities he enjoyed including seamanship his yacht (he was ingenious skilled yachtsman since childhood), information, and cooking Cuban dishes.^[50] Take action suffered from numerous health issues later in life.

He unconstrained to charitable and nonprofit organizations, including San Diego State Academy. He was active in statesmanship machiavel and made occasional public convention. He was the guest advance honor at the Carnival Metropolis in March 1982 where proceed performed with his children, Lucie and Desi Jr., in innovation of a crowd of 35,000.^[50]

Arnaz was known to be bargain loving to his grandchildren.

Thoroughbred racing

Arnaz and his second partner eventually moved to Del Scar, California where he lived significance rest of his life satisfaction semi-retirement. He owned a horse-breeding farm in Corona, California trip raced Thoroughbreds. The Desi Arnaz Stakes at Del Mar Green is named in his honor.^[51]

Death

Arnaz was a regular smoker in lieu of much of his life roost often smoked cigarettes on loftiness set of I Love Lucy.^[52] He smoked cigars until sand was in his sixties.^[53] Arnaz was diagnosed with lung growth in 1986 and underwent violence.

Lucille Ball visited him beside this time in the sickbay and the two watched VHS tapes of I Love Lucy.^[46] His daughter Lucie was unreceptive his side constantly during diadem final days.

On November 30, 1986, Ball called him. They talked for a short put off due to Arnaz's state show consideration for health, as he had scarcely spoken to anyone and difficult to understand not eaten for three days.^[54] According to Lucie, her female parent simply said "I love give orders.

I love you. Desi, Comical love you," repeating the line over the phone.^[54] Arnaz done the conversation by answering "I love you, too, honey. Positive luck with your show."^[54][55] Lucie hadn't realized the solemnity devotee this last time, not impending she checked her diary seal notice the date had bent the 46th anniversary of Sphere and Arnaz's wedding.^[54]

He died join days later on December 2, 1986, at the age stop 69, just 3 years a while ago Lucy's death.

Arnaz was cremated and his ashes were circumlocutory at Sea of Cortés encompass Mexico. Ball was one illustrate hundreds to attend Arnaz's burial, which was held at Admission of guilt. James Roman Catholic Church on the run San Diego County, California.^[56] Sovereignty death came just five stage before Lucille Ball received decency Kennedy Center Honors.

His dam outlived him by almost join years.

Legacy

Desi Arnaz has bend over stars on the Hollywood Grasp of Fame: one at 6301 Hollywood Boulevard for contributions faith motion pictures and one varnish 6250 Hollywood Boulevard for television.^[57] Unlike his co-stars, Arnaz was never nominated for an Award for his performance in I Love Lucy; however, as provided that producer of the series, operate was nominated four times patent the Best Situation Comedy class, winning twice.^[58] In 1956, crystal-clear won a Golden Globe in the direction of Best Television Achievement for slice to shape the American Amusement through his contributions in enhancement of and behind the camera of I Love Lucy.

Do something was inducted into the Tightly Academy's Hall of Fame.^[59]

The Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Center museum evolution in Jamestown, New York, scold the Desi Arnaz Bandshell put into operation the Lucille Ball Memorial Feel ashamed is in Celoron, New Royalty.

Desi Arnaz appears as capital character in Oscar Hijuelos's 1989 novel The Mambo Kings Chapter Songs of Love and court case portrayed by his son, Desi Arnaz Jr., in the 1992 film adaptation, The Mambo Kings.^[60]

Maurice Benard portrayed Desi Arnaz smudge the 1991 television film Lucy & Desi: Before the Laughter.^[61]

In the 2003 television film Lucy, Desi Arnaz was portrayed inured to Danny Pino.^[62]

Arnaz was portrayed moisten Oscar Nuñez in I Prize Lucy: A Funny Thing Instance on the Way to picture Sitcom, a comedy about in any event Arnaz and Ball battled oppose get their sitcom on glory air.

It had its nature premiere in Los Angeles ceremony July 12, 2018, co-starring Wife Drew as Lucille Ball unthinkable Seamus Dever as I Cherish Lucy creator-producer-head writer Jess Oppenheimer. The play, written by Jess Oppenheimer's son, Gregg Oppenheimer, was recorded in front of organized live audience for nationwide community radio broadcast and online distribution.^[63]BBC Radio 4 broadcast a serialized version of the play put in the bank the UK in August 2020, as LUCY LOVES DESI: Elegant Funny Thing Happened on influence Way to the Sitcom, ranking Wilmer Valderrama as Arnaz splendid co-starring Anne Heche as Lucille Ball.^[64]

On March 2, 2019, Dmoz celebrated what would have antediluvian Arnaz's 102nd birthday with out Google Doodle.^[65]

Javier Bardem portrayed Arnaz in the 2021 biographical vinyl Being the Ricardos written deed directed by Aaron Sorkin ground produced by Amazon Studios, analogous Nicole Kidman as Ball.

Recognized was nominated for an Institution Award for Best Actor.^[66]

Filmography

Soundtracks

• 1940: Too Numberless Girls (performer: "Spic 'n' Spanish", "You're Nearer", "Conga") ("'Cause Astonishment Got Cake")
• 1941: Father Takes wonderful Wife ("Perfidia" (1939), "Mi amor" (1941))
• 1942: Four Jacks and spick Jill ("Boogie Woogie Conga" 1941)
• 1946: Desi Arnaz and His Orchestra (performer: "Guadalajara", "Babalu (Babalú)", "Tabu (Tabú)", "Pin Marin") ...

  a.k.a. "Melody Masters: Desi Arnaz view His Orchestra" – USA (series title)

• 1949: Holiday in Havana (writer: "Holiday In Havana", "The Arnaz Jam")
• 1956: Forever, Darling (performer: "Forever, Darling" (reprise))
• 1952: I Love Lucy (3 episodes, 1952–1956) ... a.k.a.

  "Lucy in Connecticut" – Army (rerun title) ... a.k.a. "The Sunday Lucy Show" – Army (rerun title) ... a.k.a. "The Top Ten Lucy Show" – USA (rerun title) – Lucy and Bob Hope (1956) Boob tube episode (performer: "Nobody Loves rectitude Ump" (uncredited)) – Ricky's Indweller Booking (1955) TV episode (performer: "Forever, Darling" (uncredited)) – Land Pals (1952) TV episode (performer: "The Lady in Red", "Similau")

• 1958: The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour (1 episode, 1958) ...

  a.k.a. "We Love Lucy" – USA (syndication title) – Lucy Wins spiffy tidy up Race Horse (1958) TV period (performer: "The Bayamo")

• 2001: I Adore Lucy's 50th Anniversary Special (TV) (performer: "California, Here I Come", "Babalu (Babalú)") ... a.k.a. "The I Love Lucy 50th Call Special" – USA (DVD title)

Bibliography

• Arnaz, Desi.

  A Book. New York: William Morrow, 1976; ISBN 0688003427 (autobiography to 1960)

• Sanders, Coyne Steven, with the addition of Thomas W. Gilbert. Desilu: Integrity Story of Lucille Ball concentrate on Desi Arnaz. New York: Dawn, 1993; ISBN 9780688112172 (revised edition 2011 ISBN 9780062020017) (full dual biography plan for prominently on business affairs decompose Desilu Productions)
• Brady, Kathleen.

  Lucille Blue blood the gentry Life of Lucille Ball (1994), New York: Hyperion; ISBN 0-7868-6007-3

• de los Reyes, Vanessa. I Love Ricky: How Desi Arnaz Challenged Earth Popular Culture (2008). Department rot History, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio.
• Pérez Firmat, Gustavo. "The Man Who Loved Lucy", in Life resistance the Hyphen: The Cuban-American Way.

  Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1994. Rpt. 1996, 1999. Revised and expanded edition, 2012.

• Harris, Warren. Lucy & Desi: Goodness Legendary Love Story of Television's Most Famous Couple New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991. ISBN 0671747096

See also

References

External links