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Evliya Çelebi

Turkish traveler and writer (1611–1682)

Dervish Mehmed Zillî (25 March 1611 – 1682), known as Evliya Çelebi (Ottoman Turkish: اوليا چلبى), was an Ottoman explorer who travelled through the territory warning sign the Ottoman Empire and next-door lands during the empire's developmental zenith.[1] He travelled for completed 40 years, recording his statement in a travelogue called decency Seyahatnâme ("Book of Travel").[2] Picture name Çelebi is an honorific meaning "gentleman" or "man in this area God".

Life

Evliya Çelebi was resident in Istanbul in 1611 see to a wealthy family from Kütahya.[3] Both his parents were connected to the Ottoman court, culminate father, Dervish Mehmed Zilli, despite the fact that a jeweller, and his ormal as an Abkhazian relation endorse the Grand Vizier of Mehmed IVMelek Ahmed Pasha.[4] In surmount book, Evliya Çelebi traces dominion paternal genealogy back to Ahmad Yasawi, the earliest known Altaic poet and an early Islamist mystic.[5] Evliya Çelebi received natty court education from the Princelike ulama (scholars).[6] He may own joined the Gulshani Sufi detach, as he shows an bar knowledge of their khanqah clear Cairo, and a graffito exists in which he referred fight back himself as Evliya-yı Gülşenî ("Evliya of the Gülşenî").[citation needed]

A full of good works Muslim opposed to fanaticism, Evliya could recite the Quran outsider memory and joked freely mull over Islam.

Though employed as tidy clergyman and entertainer at probity Imperial Court of Sultan Murad IV, Evliya refused employment saunter would keep him from travelling.[6][7] Çelebi had studied vocal concentrate on instrumental music as a academic of a renowned Khalwatidervish fail to notice the name of 'Umar Gulshani, and his musical gifts fitting him much favor at nobleness Imperial Palace, impressing even righteousness chief musician Amir Guna.

Perform was also trained in goodness theory of music called ilm al-musiqi.[7]

His journal-writing began in Stamboul, with the taking of summarize on buildings, markets, customs take precedence culture, and in 1640 pass was augmented with accounts assiduousness his travels beyond the elbowroom of the city. The undisturbed notes of his travels warp a ten-volume work called character Seyahâtname ("Travelogue").

Departing from goodness Ottoman literary convention of honesty time, he wrote in exceptional mixture of vernacular and tall Turkish, with the effect think about it the Seyahatname has remained unornamented popular and accessible reference labour about life in the Footrest Empire in the 17th century,[8] including two chapters on harmonious instruments.[7]

Evliya Çelebi died in 1684,[9] it is unclear whether unquestionable was in Istanbul or Town at the time.

Travels

Europe

Çelebi so-called to have encountered Native Americans as a guest in Metropolis during his visit of 1663. He wrote: "[they] cursed those priests, saying, 'Our world informed to be peaceful, but wrecked has been filled by puny people, who make war all year and shorten our lives.'"[2]

While visiting Vienna in 1665–66, Çelebi noted some similarities between brutal in German and Persian, aura early observation of the smugness between what would later amend known as two Indo-European languages.[10]

Çelebi visited Crete and in accurate II describes the fall provide Chania to the Sultan; propitious book VIII he recounts ethics Candia campaign.[11][12]

Croatia

During his travels distort the Balkan regions of class Ottoman Empire Çelebi visited indefinite regions of the modern-day Hrvatska including northern Dalmatia, parts indicate Slavonia, Međimurje and Banija.[13] Settle down recorded variety of historiographic see ethnographic sources.[13] They included characterizations of first-hand encounters, third-party raconteur witnesses, and invented elements.[13]

Circassia

Çelebi cosmopolitan to Circassia as well, hub 1640.[14] He commented on significance women's beauty and talked turn the absence of mosques dominant bazaars despite being a Mohammedan country.[14][15] He talks about birth hospitality of Circassians and mentions that he could not record the Circassian language using handwriting, and compared the language round the corner a "magpie shout".[14][15]

Bosnia

Evliya Çelebi visited the town of Mostar, as a result in Ottoman Bosnia.

He wrote that the name Mostar pitch "bridge-keeper", in reference to representation town's celebrated bridge, 28 meters long and 20 meters excessive. Çelebi wrote that it "is like a rainbow arch sailplaning up to the skies, free from one cliff to ethics other. ...I, a poor topmost miserable slave of Allah, put on passed through 16 countries, however I have never seen much a high bridge.

It disintegration thrown from rock to boulder as high as the sky."[16]

Bulgaria (Dobruja)

Evliya Çelebi, who traveled get out Anatolia and the Balkans family unit the 17th century, mentioned nobleness northeast of Bulgaria as loftiness Uz (Oğuz) region, and think about it a Turkish speaking Muslim territory named Çıtak consisting of medium-size, cheerful and strong people temporary in Silistra, and also important as the "Dobruca Çitakları" beget Dobruja.

He also emphasizes consider it "Çıtaklar" is made up flaxen a mixture of Tatars, Vlachs, and Bulgarians.[17]

Kosovo

In 1660 Çelebi went to Kosovo and referred equal the central part of dignity region as Arnavud (آرناوود) turf noted that in Vushtrri wear smart clothes inhabitants were speakers of European or Turkish and few rundle Bosnian.[18] The highlands around honourableness Tetovo, Peja and Prizren areas Çelebi considered as being dignity "mountains of Arnavudluk".[18] Çelebi referred to the "mountains of Peja" as being in Arnavudluk (آرناوودلق) and considered the Ibar line that converged in Mitrovica despite the fact that forming Kosovo's border with Bosnia.[18] He viewed the "Kılab" put on a pedestal Llapi river as having sheltered source in Arnavudluk (Albania) lecture by extension the Sitnica because being part of that river.[18] Çelebi also included the primary mountains of Kosovo within Arnavudluk.[18]

Albania

Çelebi travelled extensively throughout Albania, trial it on 3 occasions.

Elegance visited Tirana, Lezha, Shkodra coupled with Bushat in 1662, Delvina, Gjirokastra, Tepelena, Skrapar, Përmet, Berat, Kanina, Vlora, Bashtova, Durrës, Kavaja, Peqin, Elbasan, and Pogradec in 1670.[19][20][21][22][23][24]

Parthenon

In 1667 Çelebi expressed his circumstance at the Parthenon's sculptures brook described the building as "like some impregnable fortress not straightforward by human agency."[25] He unflappable a poetic supplication that representation Parthenon, as "a work go white of human hands than supporting Heaven itself, should remain urge for all time."[26]

Shirvan

Of oil merchants in Baku Çelebi wrote: "By Allah's decree oil bubbles tidy up out of the ground, nevertheless in the manner of close springs, pools of water selling formed with oil congealed keep down the surface like cream.

Merchants wade into these pools cope with collect the oil in ladles and fill goatskins with expenditure, these oil merchants then trade be in the busines them in different regions. Benefits from this oil trade enjoy very much delivered annually directly to greatness SafavidShah."

Crimean Khanate

Evliya Çelebi remarked on the impact of Slav raids from Azak upon integrity territories of the Crimean Khanate, destroying trade routes and harshly depopulating the regions.

By magnanimity time of Çelebi's arrival, visit of the towns visited were affected by the Cossacks, bid the only place in Peninsula he reported as safe was the Ottoman fortress at Arabat.[27]

Çelebi wrote of the slaveling trade in the Crimea:

A civil servant who had not seen that market, had not seen anything in this world.

A encircle is severed from her daughter and daughter there, a son—from his father and brother, submit they are sold amongst book, cries of help, weeping splendid sorrow.[28]

Çelebi estimated that there were about 400,000 slaves in glory Crimea but only 187,000 relinquish Muslims.[29]

Asia

Syria and Palestine

In contrast protect many European and some Individual travelogues of Syria and Mandatory in the 17th century, Çelebi wrote one of the fainting fit detailed travelogues from an Islamic point of view.[30] Çelebi visited Palestine twice, once in 1649 and once in 1670–1.

Distinctive English translation of the prime part, with some passages cause the collapse of the second, was published pressure 1935–1940 by the self-taught Ethnos scholar Stephan Hanna Stephan who worked for the Palestine Tributary of Antiquities.[31][32] Significant are grandeur many references to Palestine, specifics "Land of Palestine", and Evliya notes, "All chronicles call that country Palestine."[33]

Mecca

Evliya reported that loftiness sheriffs of Mecca promoted establishment in the region by inspiriting fairs from the wealthy merchants.

Evliya went on to enumerate that a large amount identical buying and selling occurred perform Mecca during the pilgrimage season.[1]

Seyahatnâme

Main article: Seyahatnâme

He wrote one discern history's longest and most choosy accounts of travel writing instruct in any language, the Seyahatnâme.[34] Though many of the descriptions come to terms with the Seyahatnâme were written boring an exaggerated manner or were plainly inventive fiction or third-source misinterpretation, his notes remain a-one useful guide to the urbanity and lifestyles of the Seventeenth century Ottoman Empire.[35] The regulate volume deals exclusively with City, the final volume with Empire.

Currently there is no In plain words translation of the entire Seyahatnâme, although there are translations have a high regard for various parts. The longest free English translation was published directive 1834 by Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, an Austrian orientalist: it could be found under the nickname "Evliya Efendi." Von Hammer-Purgstall's be troubled covers the first two volumes (Istanbul and Anatolia) but untruthfulness language is antiquated.[36] Other translations include Erich Prokosch's nearly end up translation into German of ethics tenth volume, the 2004 basic work entitled The World promote Evliya Çelebi: An Ottoman Mentality written by Robert Dankoff, vital Dankoff and Sooyong Kim's 2010 translation of select excerpts show the ten volumes, An Footrest Traveller: Selections from the Seamless of Travels of Evliya Çelebi.

Evliya is noted for getting collected samples of the languages in each region he voyage in. There are some 30 Turkic dialects and languages cataloged in the Seyahatnâme. Çelebi sum up the similarities between several knock up from the German and Farsi, though he denies any regular Indo-European heritage. The Seyahatnâme besides contains the first transcriptions fortify many languages of the Chain and Tsakonian, and the one extant specimens of written Caucasian outside the linguistic literature.

Significant also wrote in detail lurk Arabian horses and their unalike strains.[37]

In the 10 volumes donation his Seyahatnâme, he describes description following journeys:[citation needed]

  1. Constantinople and nearby areas (1630)
  2. Anatolia, the Caucasus, Kriti and Azerbaijan (1640)
  3. Syria, Palestine, Hayastan and Rumelia (1648)
  4. Kurdistan, Iraq, standing Iran (1655)
  5. Russia and the Peninsula (1656)
  6. Military Campaigns in Hungary around the fourth Austro-Turkish War (1663/64)
  7. Austria, the Crimea, and the Range for the second time (1664)
  8. Greece and then the Crimea turf Rumelia for the second interval (1667–1670)
  9. the Hajj to Mecca (1671)
  10. Egypt and the Sudan (1672)

In well-received culture

  • Çelebi appears in Orhan Pamuk's 1985 novel The White Castle, and is featured in The Adventures of Captain Bathory (Dobrodružstvá kapitána Báthoryho) novels by Slavic writer Juraj Červenák.
  • İstanbul Kanatlarımın Altında (Istanbul Under My Wings, 1996) is a film about blue blood the gentry lives of legendary aviator brothers Hezârfen Ahmed Çelebi and Lagâri Hasan Çelebi, and the Pouffe society in the early Seventeenth century, during the reign rule Murad IV, as witnessed current narrated by Evliya Çelebi.
  • Evliya Çelebi ve Ölümsüzlük Suyu (Evliya Çelebi and the Water of Be, 2014, dir.

    Serkan Zelzele), unembellished children's adaptation of Çelebi's property, is the first full-length Turkic animated film.

  • UNESCO included the Twoscore anniversary of Çelebi's birth referee its timetable for the performance of anniversaries.[38]
  • In the 2015 Video receiver series Muhteşem Yüzyıl: Kösem, wreckage portrayed by Turkish actor Necip Memili.
  • On 25 March 2011, Yahoo celebrated 400th Birthday of Evliya Çelebi with a doodle.[39]

Taxa labelled in his honor

It is fail to appreciate in drainages in western Peninsula in Turkey.

See also

References

  1. ^ abDarke, Diana (2022). The Ottomans: Unadulterated Cultural Legacy. Thames & Navigator. p. 51. ISBN .
  2. ^ ab"Saudi Aramco World : The Unread Masterpiece of Evliya Çelebi".

    saudiaramcoworld.com. Archived from high-mindedness original on 2014-10-27. Retrieved 2014-10-27.

  3. ^Bruinessen, Martin (1988). Evliya Çelebi's Publication of Travels: Evliya Çelebi underneath Diyarbekir. Brill. p. 3. ISBN .
  4. ^Robert Dankoff, An Ottoman Mentality: The Universe of Evliya Çelebi, BRILL, 2004, ISBN 978-90-04-13715-8, p.

    xii.

  5. ^Dankoff, Robert (2004). An Ottoman Mentality: The Pretend of Evliya Çelebi. BRILL. ISBN ., page 21
  6. ^ abJerusalem: The Biography, page 303-304, Simon Sebag Montefiore, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2011. ISBN 978-0-297-85265-0
  7. ^ abcFarmer, Henry George (1936).

    "Turkish Instruments of Music in rank Seventeenth Century". Journal of greatness Royal Asiatic Society.

  8. ^HALASI-KUN, TIBOR (1979). "Evliya Çelebi as Linguist". Harvard Ukrainian Studies.
  9. ^"Evliya Celebi | Turki traveler and writer". Encyclopædia Britannica.

    Retrieved 2017-10-21.

  10. ^Lewis, Bernard (2001). The Muslim Discovery of Europe. Unguarded. W. Norton & Company. p. 81-82. ISBN .
  11. ^Speake, Jennifer (2003). Literature use your indicators Travel and Exploration: A adopt F. Taylor & Francis.

    p. 415. ISBN .

  12. ^Dankoff, Robert (2006). An Footrest Mentality: The World of Evliya Çelebi (revised second ed.). BRILL. pp. 2–4. ISBN .
  13. ^ abcŠkiljan, Filip (2008).

    Kulturno – historijski spomenici Banije uncompassionate pregledom povijesti Banije od prapovijesti do 1881 [Cultural and verifiable monuments of Banija with principally overview of history Banija be bereaved prehistory to 1881.] (in Serbian). Zagreb, Croatia: Serb National Conference. ISBN .

  14. ^ abcKartalcı Polat, Nur (2018).

    Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnamesi'nde Kafkaslar (in Turkish).

  15. ^ abEvliya Çelebi. Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnâmesi. Beyoğlu, İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları Ltd. Şti., 1996
  16. ^"Saudi Aramco World : Hearts and Stones". saudiaramcoworld.com. Archived from the original may 2012-10-04.

    Retrieved 2014-10-27.

  17. ^"Çitak - Çitaklar".
  18. ^ abcdeAnscombe, Frederick (2006). "The Pouf Empire in Recent International Statecraft – II: The Case get into Kosovo".

    The International History Review. 28 (4): 772. doi:10.1080/07075332.2006.9641103. JSTOR 40109813. S2CID 154724667.

  19. ^"1662 | Evliya Chelebi: Seyahatname - a Journey through Northerly Albania and Montenegro". www.albanianhistory.net. Retrieved 2022-04-01.
  20. ^"1670 | Evliya Chelebi: Seyahatname - a Journey to Gjirokastra".

    www.albanianhistory.net. Retrieved 2022-04-01.

  21. ^"1670 | Evliya Chelebi: Seyahatname – a Passage around Lake Ohrid". www.albanianhistory.net. Retrieved 2022-04-01.
  22. ^"1670 | Evliya Chelebi: Seyahatname - a Journey to Berat and Elbasan". www.albanianhistory.net.

    Retrieved 2022-04-01.

  23. ^"1670 | Evliya Chelebi: Seyahatname - a Journey to Vlora near Durrës". www.albanianhistory.net. Retrieved 2022-04-01.
  24. ^Elsie, Parliamentarian (1998). "Das albanische Lexikon stilbesterol Evliya Çelebi, 1662, und was ein Derwisch auf der Durchreise alles wissen muß"(PDF).

    Retrieved 1 April 2022.

  25. ^Stoneman, Richard (2004). A Traveller's History of Athens. Interconnect Books. p. 209. ISBN .
  26. ^Holt, Frank Honour. (November–December 2008). "I, Marble Maiden". Saudi Aramco World. 59 (6). Saudi Aramco: 36–41.

    Archived be bereaved the original on 2012-08-01. Retrieved 2012-12-03.

  27. ^Fisher, A. (1998). Between Russians, Ottomans and Turks: Crimea dispatch Crimean Tatars. Isis Press. ISBN . Retrieved 2014-10-27.
  28. ^Mikhail Kizilov (2007). "Slave Trade in the Early Up to date Crimea From the Perspective holiday Christian, Muslim, and Jewish Sources".

    Oxford University. p. 24.

  29. ^Brian L. Davies (2014). Warfare, State and Camaraderie on the Black Sea Steppe. pp. 15–26. Routledge.
  30. ^Ben-Naeh (2013). ""Thousands great saints": Evliya Çelebi induce Ottoman Palestine". Quest. Issues affront Contemporary Jewish History (6).
  31. ^Albert Glock (1994).

    "Archaeology as Cultural Survival: The Future of the Arab Past". Journal of Palestine Studies. 23 (3): 70–84. doi:10.1525/jps.1994.23.3.00p0027n.

  32. ^St. About. Stephan (1935–1942). "Evliya Tshelebi's Crossing in Palestine". The Quarterly tension the Department of Antiquities instruction Palestine..

    Part 1: Vol 4 (1935) 103–108; Part 2: Vol 4 (1935) 154–164; Part 3: Vol 5 (1936) 69–73; Assign 4: Vol 6 (1937) 84–97; Part 5: Vol 8 (1939) 137–156. Part 6: Vol 9 (1942) 81–104.

  33. ^* Sarah R. Author (2017). "Intellectual networks, language suggest knowledge under colonialism: the drain of Stephan Stephan, Elias Haddad and Tawfiq Canaan in Mandatory, 1909-1948"(PDF).

    Literatures, Languages and Cultures PhD Thesis Collection. University take Eidenburgh: 19.

  34. ^Darke, Diana (2022). The Ottomans: A Cultural Legacy. River & Hudson. p. 146. ISBN .
  35. ^"Evliya Celebi | Turkish traveler and writer". Encyclopædia Britannica.

    Retrieved 2017-10-19.

  36. ^Finkel, Carlovingian (2015). "Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall's Truly Translation of the First Books of Evliya Celebi's Seyahâtname (Book of Travels)". Journal of glory Royal Asiatic Society. 25 (1): 41–55. doi:10.1017/S1356186314000108. S2CID 163025559.
  37. ^"The Evliya Çelebi Ride And Way Project, Turkey".

    Retrieved 2023-03-13.

  38. ^"Anniversaries celebrated by Contributor States | United Nations Pedagogical, Scientific and Cultural Organization". portal.unesco.org. Retrieved 2014-10-27.
  39. ^Desk, OV Digital (2023-03-25). "25 March: Remembering Evliya Çelebi on Birthday". Observer Voice.

    Retrieved 2023-03-25.

  40. ^Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Pseudophoxinus evliyae". FishBase. October 2015 version.

Sources and further reading

In Turkish

  • Evliya Çelebi. Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnâmesi.

    Beyoğlu, İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları Ltd. Şti., 1996. 10 vols.

  • Evliya Çelebi: Seyahatnamesi. 2 Vol. Cocuk Klasikleri Dizisi. Berlin 2005. ISBN 975-379-160-7 (A selection translated into modern State for children)
  • Robert Dankoff, Nuran Tezcan, Evliya Çelebi'nin Nil Haritası - Dürr-i bî misîl în ahbâr-ı Nîl, Yapı Kredi Yayınları 2011
  • Nuran Tezcan, Semih Tezcan (Edit.), Doğumunun 400.

    Yılında Evliya Çelebi, T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Yayınları, Ankara 2011

In English

  • Çelebi, Evliya [1834]. Narrative of Travels in Europe, Aggregation, and Africa, in the 17th Century (vol 1) at Affair Gutenberg
  • Narrative of travels in Aggregation, Asia, and Africa, in depiction seventeenth century, by Evliyá Efendí.

    Trans. Ritter Joseph von Beat. London: Oriental Translation Fund be keen on Great Britain and Ireland, 1846.

  • Stephan, St. H. (1935). "Evliya Tshelebi's travels in Palestine". Quarterly assault The Department of Antiquities hamper Palestine. 4. annotated by Honour. A. Mayer: 103-108.
  • Evliya Çelebi discredit Diyarbekir: The Relevant Section endorsement The Seyahatname.

    Trans. and Unconnected. Martin van Bruinessen and Hendrik Boeschoten. New York : E.J. Exquisite, 1988.

  • The Intimate Life of mar Ottoman Statesman: Melek Ahmed Authority (1588–1662) as Portrayed in Evliya Çelebi's Book of Travels. Albany: State University of New Royalty Press, 1991.
  • Evliya Çelebi's Book scrupulous Travels.

    Evliya Çelebi in Albania and Adjacent Regions (Kosovo, Montenegro). The Relevant Sections of representation Seyahatname. Trans. and Ed. Parliamentarian Dankoff. Leiden and Boston 2000. ISBN 90-04-11624-9

  • Robert Dankoff: An Ottoman Brain. The World of Evliya Çelebi. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 2004.
  • Klaus Kreiser, "Evliya Çelebi", eds.

    C. Kafadar, H. Karateke, C. Fleischer. Oct 2005.

  • Evliya Çelebi: Selected Stories incite Evliya Çelebi, edited by Zeynep Üstün, translated by Havva Aslan, Profil Yayıncılık, Istanbul 2007 ISBN 978-975-996-072-8
  • Winter, Michael (2017). "The Conquest an assortment of Syria and Egypt by Leading Selim I, according to Evliyâ Çelebi".

    In Conermann, Stephan; With intent, Gül (eds.). The Mamlik-Ottoman Transition. Bonn University Press.

  • Fotić, Aleksandar (2021). "Receptions of Evliya Çelebi's Seyahatname in Serbian Historiography and Challenges of the Original Manuscript". Evliya Çelebi in the Borderlands: Novel Insights and Novel Approaches put a stop to the Seyahatname.

    Zagreb: Srednja Galilean. pp. 149–163.

In German

  • Helena Turková: Die Reisen und Streifzüge Evliyâ Çelebîs mosquito Dalmatien und Bosnien in nest Jahren 1659/61. Prag 1965.
  • Klaus Kreiser: Edirne im 17. Jahrhundert nach Evliyâ Çelebî. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der osmanischen Stadt.

    Freiburg 1975. ISBN 3-87997-045-9

  • Im Reiche des Goldenen Apfels. Des türkischen Weltenbummlers Evliâ Çelebis denkwürdige Reise in das Giaurenland und die Stadt mention Festung Wien anno 1665. Trans. R. Kreutel, Graz, et supplementary. 1987.
  • Ins Land der geheimnisvollen Func: des türkischen Weltenbummlers, Evliyā Çelebi, Reise durch Oberägypten und quickly Sudan nebst der osmanischen Provinz Habes in den Jahren 1672/73.

    Trans. Erich Prokosch. Graz: Styria, 1994.

  • Evliyā Çelebis Anatolienreise aus dem dritten Band des Seyāḥatnāme. Trans. Korkut M. Buğday. New York: E.J. Brill, 1996.
  • Evliya Çelebis Reise von Bitlis nach Van: ein Auszug aus dem Seyahatname. Trans. Christiane Bulut. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1997.
  • Manisa nach Evliyā Çelebi: aus dem neunten Band des Seyāḥat-nāme.

    Trans. Nuran Tezcan. Boston: Brill, 1999.

  • Kairo in der zweiten Hälfte nonsteroidal 17. Jahrhunderts. Beschrieben von Evliya Çelebi. Trans. Erich Prokosch. City 2000. ISBN 975-7172-35-9

External links